– What a terrible collision accident!
– Judging from the scene, personally, it is one or two car drivers, rather than the truck driver, who _____.
A. is to blame B. are blamed C. are to blame D. is blamed
Retail therapy（购物疗法）has long been considered as a good way to let off stress. Now, US scientists have discovered not only does retail therapy exist，but that it could be caused by an individual's fear of sudden death.
Researchers found materialistic people thought terrorism and war more stressful than others.
Psychologists believe the rise of materialism around the world and its treatment effect on extreme stress might be a response to fear of death caused by acts of terrorism, disease and natural disasters.
The scientists from Michigan State University said people with possession obsessions（妄想）often have lower self-esteem than others so are more likely to shop as the result of severe psychological suffering.
Ayalla Ruvio，a business professor studying people's shopping habits while rockets fell in Israel, said, "When the going gets tough, the materialistic people go shopping. This stress spending is likely to produce even greater stress and lower well-being. Essentially, materialism appears to make bad events even worse.
Dr Ruvio led a two-part study of Israeli citizens living in a town that came under extreme rocket attacks for about six months in 2007. She compared 139 residents of the southern town with 170 from another town that was not under attack to see how their symptoms of post-traumatic stress and shopping habits varied. Dr Ruvio found that, when faced with a deadly threat, those who are highly materialistic suffered much higher levels of stress，while their tendency to shop was increased.
Dr Ruvio said, "The relationship between materialism and stress may be more harmful than commonly thought.”
The second stage of their research surveyed 855 Americans about their materialistic nature and fear of death. They found shopping was used to relieve feelings of stress and anxiety about death but this was in response to fear of a variety of life-threatening events like car accidents, criminal attacks and natural disasters.
1.Which of the following opinion is NOT right according to the text?
A. Terrorism is believed to easily cause the rise of materialism.
B. The materialistic find terrorism and war more stressful than others.
C. The scientists think possession obsessions help people get self-respect.
D. The scientists think people with possession obsessions suffer a lot mentally.
2.Why did Dr Ruvio choose to study the two groups of Israeli citizens mentioned in the passage?
A. They enjoy the special shopping culture.
B. The stresses they face are usually deadly.
C. They are in different situation in terms of war.
D. They are usually active participants for researchers.
3.What's the result about Dr Ruvio's research?
A. Impulsive spending does good to people's health.
B. Shopping can't lower one's stress as it is expected.
C. Faced with great stress, people feel hopeless for life.
D. Faced with threat，people's wish to shop will decrease.
4.Which of the following events threaten people's life?
①Greater stress; ②Car accidents; ③Criminal attacks；. ④Natural disasters;
A.①②③ B.②③④ C.①②④ D.①③④
5.What's the main idea of the passage?
A. Greater stress can lead to shopping.
B. Greater stress can cause a lot of diseases
C. Shopping is very important in people's life.
D. Can shopping reduce the stress and relieve the fear of death?
In the Netherlands，cycling isn't seen as eccrfriendly exercise; it's part of everyday life, as it's people's top choice to school and work. There are more bicycles than residents in the Netherlands. In cities like Amsterdam and The Hague, up to 70 percent of all journeys are made by bike.
So how did cycling become such a popular means of transportation in the European country?
In the 1970s, the Dutch government began to improve its cycling infrastructure（基础设施）due to both a social movement demanding safer cycling condition for children and the oil crisis in the Middle East, when oil producing countries stopped their exports to Western Europe.
To make cycling safer and more appealing, the Dutch have built the widest cycling net- work in the world. The country has over 40，000 kilometers of bicycle lanes and paths，which are clearly marked. They have smooth surfaces，separate signs and lights for those on two wheels. The lanes are wide enough to allow side-by-side cycling and passing.
In many cities the bike lanes are completely segregated（隔离的）from motorized traffic. And in many traffic situations cyclists are given priority（优先权）over drivers. Sometimes， where space is limited and both must share, you can see signs showing an image of a cyclist with a car behind accompanied by the words "Bike Street：Cars are guests".
As young people aren't allowed to drive alone until they are 18，cycling offers Dutch teen- agers an alternative form of freedom. The government also makes cycling training lessons a compulsory part of the Dutch school curriculum（课程）．
Bike parking facilities are ubiquitous in the country. Cyclists are accommodated in the way motorists are elsewhere. Take Groningen, a city in the northeastern part of the Netherlands，for example. The city's central train station has underground parking for 10，000 bikes.
1.We can conclude that in the Netherlands cycling is____．
A. regarded as eco-friendly exercise
B. thought of as part of people's life
C. looked on as a way to lose weight
D. considered as a way to entertain
2.What can we learn about the Netherlands from the first paragraph?
A. Most vehicles the Dutch use are buses.
B. The native people cycle the best in the world.
C. Everyone has one bike on average in the Netherlands.
D. The number of bikes is larger than the population there.
3.Which of the following made the government improve the cycling infrastructure?
A. A large number of bikes.
B. Hope for healthy life style.
C. People's preference to bikes.
D. Children's safety demand and lack of oil.
4.The underlined word "ubiquitous" in the last paragraph means“＿，，．
A. high quality B. unique C. very common D. special
5.What does the Dutch government do about teenagers cycling?
A. It makes cycling covered by school education.
B. It encourages teenagers to cycle alone.
C. It will watch over teenagers who ride bikes.
D. It suggests teenagers cycling before driving.
Self-confidence is an attitude which allows individuals to have positive yet realistic views of themselves and their situations. Self-confident people trust their own abilities, have a general sense of control in their lives, and believe that，within reason, they will be able to do what they wish., plan., and expect. Having self-confidence does not mean that individuals will be able to do everything. Self-confident people have expectations that are realistic. Even when some of their expectations are not met，they continue to be positive and to accept themselves.
People who are not self-confident depend too much on the approval of others in order to feel good about themselves. They tend to avoid taking risks because they fear failure. They generally do not expect to be successful. They often put themselves down and tend to ignore compliments（赞美）paid to them By contrast，self-confident people are willing to risk the disapproval of others because they generally trust their own abilities. They tend to accept themselves；they don't feel they have to conform in order to be accepted.
Many factors affect the development of self-confidence. Parents' attitudes are crucial to children's feelings about themselves，particularly in children's early years. When parents pro- vide acceptance, children receive a solid foundation for good feelings about themselves. If one or both parents are much to critical or demanding, or if they are overprotective and discourage children's moves toward independence, children may come to believe they are unqualified or inadequate.
Surprisingly, lack of self-confidence is not necessarily related to lack of ability. Instead it is often the result of focusing too much on the unrealistic expectations or standards of others， especially parents and society. Friends' influences can be as powerful or more powerful than those of parents and society in shaping feelings of one's self. Students in their college years reexamine values and develop their own identities and thus are particularly sensitive to the influence of friends.
1.Paragraph 1 mainly talks about____．
A. the sources of self-confidence
B. the benefits of self-confidence
C. the development of self-confidence
D. the lack of self-confidence
2.In Paragraph 2，the underlined word "conform" probably means“_______”．
A. refuse B. separate C. permit D. obey
3.According to the passage, self-confident people tend to____．
A. be practical B. control others
C. avoid risks D. depend on others
4.Which of the following can we learn about self-confidence according to the passage?
A. Self-confidence is usually the symbol of special abilities.
B. Parents' protection prevents children's self-confidence development.
C. Parents and friends matter in building one's self-confidence.
D. College students are the least self-confident group in society.
5.What might the author most probably continue to talk about in the following passage?
A. How we can become more acceptable.
B. Lack of self-confident has many side effects.
C. What self-confident children usually get from parents.
D. What one should avoid in building self-confidence.
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
If you like to break things when you are unhappy, the Nanjing Zhonghua Middle School is the school for you. This term, Nanjing Zhonghua Middle School will build a "stress wall" to help students who feel unhappy because of schoolwork or for other reasons.
Tao Dehua, a leader at the school said the idea of a stress wall started when footprints were found on some newly painted walls and some school windows were broken.
"These things happen because some students feel lots of pressure from their studies or because they don't get along well with other students. When under stress, the body get ready to either run or fight and becomes very nervous. Hitting the wall can help relax the body and take away stress," Tao said.
"Tests and homework make me Sad," said Lu Yan, a junior girl. “I can't wait to hit the wall. It will help me a lot with my problems."
Another girl student who wouldn't give her name said that the wall won't help. “Mainly because it can't talk," she said. "I need to talk to someone when I'm sad."
【写作内容】
1、以约30个词概括这段短文内容；
2、然后以约120个词就“Should the stress wall be built"这个主题发表你的看法，并包括以下要点：
(1) 学生的压力来源；
(2) 是否该建此墙；
(3) 提供一些其他有效的减压方法。
【写作要求】
l、可以参照阅读材料但不得直接引用原文的句子；
2、作文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称。
【写作内容】
时间：上周末
对象：在中国农村教书的志愿者卢安克(Eckart Loewe)
主题：他的志愿者之路
基本情况：1968年出生在德国汉堡(Hamburg)；1990年夏天，短短3个月的中国之旅，
让他深深地爱上了广西的乡村。
从教过程: （1）1999年，在广西的一个乡村成为一名志愿者教师；
（2）发现中国家长特别重视成绩却忽视孩子的天性和兴趣。
教育理念：如果一个人只是为了别人的理念而生存，他就永远找不到自我的方向和力量。
【写作要求】
只能使用5个句子表达全部内容；
