Hospital emergency rooms treat injured fingers all the time. Without treatment, a bad cut can lead to permanent damage. But how should a person know when a bleeding cut is serious enough to require medical attention? We asked Dr Martin Brown, chairman of the department of emergency medicine at Inova Alexandria Hospital in Virginia.
First, the medical term for a cut or tear in the skin is a laceration(严重划破，撕裂伤). Dr Brown says the length is usually not as important as the depth. He says a long cut on a finger can likely be treated without a visit to a doctor if the wound is not very deep. “If you have a short but deep laceration where there’s been a structure underneath that’s been damaged － a tendon, a nerve, a blood vessel,” says Martin, “it may, in fact, need professional attention.”
Some injuries － like a fingertip that gets cut off － might even require surgery to repair. That requires a specialist to either file(锉平) down the bone or reattach the fingertip. More often, filing down the bone is what is done because reattaching a fingertip is often not successful.
How a wound bleeds can be a sign of how serious it is. Minor cuts usually produce what is known as venous (静脉) bleeding. This means the blood flows steadily from the injury. The bleeding will often stop when pressure is put on the wound. Dr Brown says in most cases holding direct pressure with clean gauze or a cloth for four to five minutes should stop the bleeding. With a cut finger, holding the hand above the heart can reduce the loss of blood. But if a cut appears to be pumping blood out with some force, this may be a sign of arterial(动脉) bleeding. This kind of injury should be treated by a medical professional as soon as possible.
Even a cut that does not require medical attention must be kept clean to prevent infection. Small cuts should be cleaned gently with clean water. Use a washcloth to clean the area if the wound is dirty. Dr Brown says cuts should be covered with a clean, dry bandage.
1.What does the writer want to tell the readers in the first paragraph?
A. Hospital emergency rooms always treat injured fingers.
B.A bleeding cut is serious enough to require medical attention
C. Dr Martin Brown is in charge of Inova Alexandria Hospital.
D. It is important for us to be able to tell how serious a finger cut is.
2.According to the passage, .
A .a finger cut without treatment can lead to permanent damage
B. the length of a cut on a finger is more important than the depth
C. a long but not very deep cut often doesn’t need professional attention
D. a short but deep laceration that has been damaged need professional attention.
3.The underlined word “reattach” in Para.3 is closest in meaning to .
A. repair B. rebuild C. reconstruct D. reconnect
4.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A .How a wound bleeds can show us how serious the wound could be.
B Venous bleeding will often stop when we put pressure on the wound.
C. Holding up the hand with a finger cut can reduce the loss of blood.
D. Arterial bleeding should get professional treatment as soon as possible
5..The best title of this passage should be .
A. Hospital Emergency Treatments For Injured Fingers
B. When a Cut Finger Is More Serious Than It Might Seem
C. Serious Finger Cut That Requires Medical Attention
D. Keep Finger Cuts Clean to Prevent Serious Infection
The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, pain free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment, self-improvement.
Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure , excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.
Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
1.Raising children, in the author’s opinion, is .
A.a moral duty B.a thankless job
C.a rewarding task D.a source of inevitable pain
2.According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because .
A .he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities
B. he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single
C. he finds more fun in dating than in marriage
D. he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement
3.To understand what true happiness is, one must .
A have as much fun as possible during one’s lifetime
B. make every effort to liberate oneself from pain
C. put up with pain under all circumstances
D .be able to distinguish happiness from fun
4.From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes results from .
A .hatred B .misunderstanding
C. prejudice D. ignorance
5..What is the author trying to tell us?
A. How to get happiness
B. Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain
C. The importance of happiness in our lives
D. Happiness equals fun
Measures must be taken to prevent pollution ________ happily.
A. from we live B. for us to live C. us living D. from our living
______ is surprising to us is that Tom, for ______ English was once boring, can speak English fluently as though he were a native speaker.
A. What; whom B. What; whose C. It; whose D. As; whom
When the question _____ at the meeting, no one could answer it.
A. rose B. arose C. came D. raised
We can’t _____ other countries in trade if we don’t develop our national economy.
A. compete for B. compete against C. catch up D. catch with
