日前我校学生会提出倡议，为解决早晚上下学高峰时间校门口的拥堵问题，倡导使用低碳的交通方式。为此，学生会将举办主题为“Let’s Ride Bicycles”的英语演讲比赛。请撰写一份演讲稿，主要内容包括：
1. 目前，汽车带来的空气污染和家长开车接送上下学的弊端，如：校门口的拥堵和容易引起交通事故等问题。
2. 骑自行车上学的益处，如环保、有利健康，培养独立能力等。
注意：
(1)对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。
(2)词数150左右。演讲稿开头已经写好，不计入总词数。
(3)作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。
参考词汇：低碳生活（low-carbon life）节能(energy saving)
Good afternoon, everyone ,
I am very glad to give a speech here. The topic of my speech is “Let’s Ride Bicycles”.
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请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
Guiding students through open-ended discussions can help students develop their understanding of the nature of science.
One useful practice in classroom discussions involves developing a discussion map. A discussion map is a graphic timeline created by the teacher on which a discussion is recorded --- who initially states the idea and who adds to or refuses the idea.
Discussion maps let teachers gain a deep understanding of students’ level of participation, the origins of ideas, and the claims that seem meaningful, useful, and/or reasonable to students. They also give the teacher an idea of students’ science thoughts of phenomena and ideas.
To make a discussion map, the teacher needs to do a couple of things. First, the teacher needs to keep informed of the ideas that are shared and who shared the idea. The teacher does this as the children talk, making quick notes of the ideas and thoughts. It can be helpful to record the discussion, but it isn’t required. Then, after the discussion is over, the teacher reflectively creates the discussion map to clarify the understanding of the ideas and connections that students were making in their talk.
Educators have identified discussions as consistent with reform recommendations in that they help children learn about the nature science and are useful in combining literacy and science. It is suggested that discussions can be useful for teachers in evaluating students’ ideas and building excitement as science. Discussions offer windows on students’ thinking, provide students who struggle in reading and writing with a chance to participate more actively in class, and create situations where students can express their ideas differently than in traditional schools tasks.
However, I suggest that there are additional reasons for having reasoned discussions in classrooms. First, discussions like this allow students to use their own vocabulary --- the words and terms that make sense to them and their classmates --- to drive the intellectual and academic work of understand phenomena. Many times learning science can become focused on learning terms but not necessarily understanding and explaining phenomena. Second, discussions allow students to think about their experiences and the things that they know and try to reconcile these with science ideas. This is challenging, but working together with classmates can help. Finally, reasoned discussions are fundamentally scientific because they offer an open forum that allows all students to be heard, and students’ ideas can be evaluated and connected to their experiences with scientific explanations of those phenomena. For example, during the children’s reasoned discussion about plants, the group came to the agreement that seeds grow into plants. The students understood that most seeds get buried in the ground, the seeds get wet, and then plants grow. This led to a question about whether the seed was still in the ground when the plant had grown into an adult plant. The students came up with several ideas about where the seeds were. During this conversation, the teacher took careful notes so that later investigations could respond to the questions that children were asking. Thus the students were working together using their ideas and understandings and realized something as a group that they didn’t understand as individuals.
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Discussion maps make sense! |
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Passage outline |
Supporting details |
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The 1._____ of a discussion map |
A discussion map is a graphic timeline the teacher creates to record a discussion by initially 2.______ the idea and adding to or refusing the idea. |
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The advantages of discussion maps |
With discussion maps, teachers can get a deep understanding not only of how students 3.______, who put forward the ideas, and the claims that seem meaningful, useful, and/or reasonable to the students, but also of what the students think of phenomena and ideas in scientific ways. |
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The procedure of making a discussion map |
The teacher 4.______ quick notes of the children’s ideas and thoughts as they talk. Afterwards, he or she reflectively5.______ the map to clarify the understanding of the ideas and connections made by students in their talk. |
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Educators’ 6._____ for having reasoned discussions |
Discussions are consistent with reform recommendations because they help children learn about the nature of science and 7.______ literacy and science. Discussions can be useful for teachers in evaluating students’ ideas and building excitement at science. Discussions offer windows on students’ thinking, enable slow students to take a more 8._____ part in class, and allow students to express their ideas differently than in traditional school tasks. |
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The author’s reasons for having reasoned discussions |
Reasoned discussions allow students to use their own 9._____ to drive the intellectual and academic work of understanding phenomena and reconcile their10._____ and knowledge with science ideas. They are also fundamentally scientific. |
It can’t be true that when in Rome do as the Romans do. So here’s some necessary information for you on what you can talk with the local people in France, Australia and Switzerland, and different customs of these countries.
In France
You’ll find that conversations often turn into heated debates. Give opinions on subjects that you are knowledgeable about. There is rarely a moment of silence, except when the topic under discussion has been exhausting, and nothing new has been introduced.
Food, art ,music and current events or history are welcome topics. The French believe in freedom. You can criticize anyone, but not Napoleon, who is a symbol of French spirit, and never use the standard U.S. opening remark “ What do you do?”
In Australia
Australians tend to be enthusiastic debaters. A wide range of topics may be open to discussion, including religion and politics. The best policy, however, is to wait for Australian companions to bring up subjects: be prepared to hear their arguments.
Sport is a common topic of conversation in Australian and Australians tend to use sporting comparison. Australian like to criticize themselves, but they can’t stand criticism from others.
Don’t talk big. Australians prefer to judge your competence and abilities through your actions. People who show off their education in conversation may be subject to tease.
In Switzerland
The Swiss may seem cold. Once you get close to them, however , you’ll find that they are honest and responsible people, who will be loyal to your interests.
They are good listeners and will remember practically everything you say to them. Sometimes they will even go so far as to take notes while you speak. The Swiss are very private people, so you should avoid asking personal questions. They can be rather serious, so it is advisable to avoid making jokes on them.
1.According to the passage, when talking you are advised_______.
A. to discuss the heated issue with the French
B. not to use sporting comparison with Australians
C. to have the Australians start a subject
D. not to ask people of the three countries personal questions
2.We can learn from the passage that___________.
A. Australians may not show off their education before others
B. Australians like to criticize other people
C. you can express your ideas for everything you know little about to the French
D. you can criticize anyone in France because you have freedom
3.What is the theme of the passage?
A. How to adapt to the life abroad.
B. What to argue about with foreigners.
C. How to find better topics.
D. What to talk about with foreigners.
4.Following the passage, the author would most probably tell us_____
A. effective communication with foreigners
B. customs of the three countries
C. his or her own experiences
D. how to be a good listener
Unknown to most Facebook users, the social network actually offers a lot of privacy controls and security features which can help you lock your account, so you can speak freely. If it’s used properly, you’ll never have to worry about whether you will have to “friend” your boss or your mom. You can friend anyone you want while staying comfortable in the knowledge that not everyone gets to see everything you post.
The problem with carrying out these privacy options is that they’re just too confusing for most non-tech clever people to handle. And often, most people don’t want to bother to take the time to learn. To simplify the process, we’re offering one easy step you can take today to help make your Facebook experience safer, more secure, and more private.
Just make “Friend Lists”. Yes, it will take some time, especially if you’re connected to a couple of hundred friends already. But this step, while not the quickest, is fairly simple. And it will be one of the most useful things you can do on Facebook.
Friend lists, as the name suggests, are lists for classifying your friends into various groups. The nice thing about this feature is that once you set these lists up, you won’t have to do it again. We suggest that you put your work colleagues and professional acquaintances into a friend list named “Work”, personal friends you’re not very close with into a list called “Acquaintances”, and people you’re related to into a list called “Family”. Those three main categories will separate out the groups of “friends” who you may want to hide some information from.
To create a friend list, click on “Friends” at the top of the Facebook homepage. In the left-hand column, click “Friends” again under the “Lists” section. Now you’ll see a button at the top that says “Create New List”. Click it. In the pop-up that appears, you can name your list and pick members. If you’ve ever shared an application with your friends, the process of doing this will be very familiar.
When you’ve finished making lists, you’ll be able to use them when selecting who can see what (or who can’t!) when configuring (配置) the security settings described below.
1.What function isn’t understood by most people on Facebook?
A. Surfing the Internet.
B. Setting safety protection.
C. Sharing personal information.
D. Making foreign friends.
2.What can we learn about Facebook according to the text?
A. Its process of privacy-setting is too complex.
B. It displays everything people post.
C. It lacks privacy controls and security features.
D. Its post is designed for technical people.
3.What advantage can we get from making friend lists?
A. We can avoid our bosses adding us as friends.
B. We can share applications with friends.
C. We can separate acquaintances from family.
D. We can hide different information from different friends.
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Experience the Colorado River the Hualapai Way! River Runners Offers the ONLY One Day White-water Trip ANYWHERE at the GRAND CANYON! Since 1973, Hualapai River Runners has been conducting white-water rafting journeys on the Colorado River. Our experienced guides expertly sail along the river and share the history of the Canyon and the Hualapai people with you. Visitors experience the excitement of whitewater rapids and then stop to enjoy the impressive beauty of Travertine Falls and a tasty lunch. No charge for children 2 years and under. One-Day Trip Retail $249.00 + $79.00 (helicopter and round-trip ground transportation) White-water rafting tours begin in Peach Springs. Hualapai River Runners transports you to Diamond Creek, which is the starting point for the 37 mile rafting tour. Lunch is included and upon arrival at the rafting tour termination point (终点), fly out of the Grand Canyon by helicopter to Grand Canyon West. Two-Day Trip Retail $549.00 + $79.00 (helicopter and round-trip ground transportation) Two-day rafting trips with one night on the Colorado River. All supplies and meals are included. Two days in the Grand Canyon, on the Colorado River, allows more time to explore one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Tours Include: • Round-trip transportation from Peach Springs to the starting point and from the termination points back to Peach Springs. • Snack, drinks and lunch (vegetarian meals available upon request). • Waterproof dry bags for storing your cameras, sunscreen, dry clothes, etc. The helicopter part of transportation is weather permitting. If the helicopter transportation is cancelled because of bad weather, the raft will continue an additional two hours to South Cove and a maximum $20.00 per customer will be given back. Special website booking rate 15% off rafting in June 2011. So book now! Call us Toll Free Today! Tel: 1-888-868-9378 |
1.Where do white-water rafting tours start?
A. Travertine Falls. B. The Grand Canyon.
C. Grand Canyon West. D. Diamond Creek.
2.Which of the following is TRUE about the trip?
A. Hualapai River Runners provides dry clothes.
B. You will get $20 back if you are not satisfied.
C. The trip is free of charge for children under 2.
D. Online booking has a better offer all year round.
3.It can be learned from the text that _________.
A. the guides can help you learn sailing
B. the cost includes snack, drinks and lunch
C. the helicopter transportation can save you three hours’ time
D. the Grand Canyon is well-known for its history
4.What is the purpose of the text?
A. To explain how to make a rafting trip.
B. To explore the Hualapai culture.
C. To attract people to the sights.
D. To introduce the history of the Colorado River
TOEFL stands for Test of English as a Foreign Language, which assesses the proficiency (熟练) of English language of a person in an academic setting. Various institutions, scholarship programs require this test as a trusted and effective indicator of a person’s ability to communicate in English.
TOEFL is available in CBT—Computer-based Technology, PBT—Paper-based Technology and IBT—Internet-based Test formats to assess the proficiency of the English Language. IBT TOEFL is a four-hour test comprising sections: Reading, Listening, Speaking and Writing. In areas where internet-based test is not available, a paper-based test (PBT) is given. PBT is a three-hour test comprising four sections: Listening, Structure and Written Expression, Reading Comprehension and Writing.
Taking TOEFL test opens many doors to get admission in foreign universities. More than 7500 colleges, universities and agencies in more than 130 countries rely on TOEFL test scores to check proficiency for English Language. It is very convenient to take this test and it is available in 165 countries worldwide.
It measures your academic skills that whether you are ready to study or train at under graduate or post graduate level in foreign universities or not. In the test candidates are provided with a passage from text books and questions based on lectures, and you can be asked to speak or write in response related to that passage.
As the test is made up of 100 % academic questions, so many universities consider it the most effective test while taking any admission. To take TOEFL test you should:
—Improve your writing skills;
—Improve your vocabulary;
—Practice other reading passages on the TOEFL Test;
—Be familiar with the format of the test;
—Practice for listening test on the TOEFL test.
To take admission in World’s famous Harvard University, the minimum TOEFL score required is 587 on the paper-based test, 240 on the computer-based test, or 94-95 on the internet-based TOEFL.
1.The underlined word “comprising” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.
A. explaining B. forming C. combining D. including
2.Which section is NOT included in IBT TOEFL?
A. Reading. B. Structure and Written Expression
C. Speaking. D. Writing.
3.According to the passage, many students are required to take TOEFL test probably because the test can________.
A. improve their academic skills
B. provide scholarship programs in many countries
C. indicate their proficiency of English language
D. decide your graduation from foreign universities
4.What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Advantages of TOEFL test B. Introduction to TOEFL test
C. Preparations for TOEFL test D. Assessment of TOEFL test
