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Scientists Alan M.Goldberg and Thomas Ha...

Scientists Alan M.Goldberg and Thomas Hartung describe recent advances in replacing the use of animals in toxicology(毒物学)testing.Improvements in cell and tissue culture technologies,for example,allow a growing number of tests to be performed on human cells alone.Computer models are becoming increasingly complex and many could one day become more accurate than trials in living animals.

    Since the late 1990s,Huntingdon Life Sciences--a company that conducts testing of substances on animals conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration—has become a proving ground for aggressive strategies by animal-rights militants (好战分子).At a hearing,a Senate.committee listened to testimony(证词) against Huntingdon employees and financial institutions providing services to the company.One experimentation witness at the hearing insisted that any means necessary were justified(辩护) to spare animals’ lives;he has previously accepted the idea of murder to that end.

    Use of animals in testing and in biomedical research continues to be necessary in many instances and is ethically(伦理道德地)preferable to experimenting on humans or giving up cures that could save human lives.But for the sake of people and animals alike,the development and acceptance of animal substitutes deserve enthusiastic support.

    In some instances, substitutes are already thought as good or better than animals,but supervising agencies(监督机构)have yet to catch up.In both the European Union and the U.S.,scientists and companies wanting to use the new alternative tests complain that regulatory standards for proving a drug or chemical to be safe for humans force the continued use of animals.Thus,animal-loving Americans might turn to persuading the EPA and the FDA to speed validation(确认)of new methods so that they can be more widely employed.And animal advocates(保护者) who want to influence business could consider investing in the small biotech’s and large pharmaceutical(药品的) companies that are working to develop alternatives to animals in research.

1._____ plays a leading role in replacing the use of animals in testing.

A.Huntingdon Life Sciences     B.Improvement in technologies

C.Animal-fights militants      D.Scientists Alan and Thomas

2.Accordingly, the animal-rights militants hold the view that_____.

A.animals shouldn’t be used in toxicology testing

B.animals should enjoy equal rights with human beings

C.animals should live wildly and freely

D.we should protect animals from being killed casually

3.From the passage,we can find _____.

A.the use of animals in testing has been stopped abruptly

B.animal substitutes are not preferable

C.supervising standards contribute to the continued use of animals in testing

D.only Huntingdon Life Sciences is accused

4.What’s the main idea of the passage?

A.Saving animals and people.

B.The new trend in toxicology testing

C.The use of animals in testing is against human nature

D.New technology changes the fate of animals

5.The writer’s attitude towards replacing the use of animals in toxicology is____.

A.arbitrary(武断的,随意的)  B.pessimistic

C.indifferent(不关心的 )    D.optimistic

 

1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 【解析】 试题分析:数百年来,人类已在使用动物进行病毒学研究。近年,随着动物保护组织的反对和电脑模拟实验的成功,这人们在讨论这种以活体动物为实验对象的手段还能继续下去吗? 1.细节题;从第一段的句子:Improvements in cell and tissue culture technologies,for example,allow a growing number of tests to be performed on human cells alone.毫无疑问,用动物进行病毒学研究,对人类健康保障起了重要作用。要在实验中不用或少用动物,有赖于现代技术的改进和发展。选B 2.细节题:从第二段的句子:Since the late 1990s,Huntingdon Life Sciences--a company that conducts testing of substances on animals conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration—has become a proving ground for aggressive strategies by animal-rights militants 可知好战的动物保护分子的极端意见,认为人类要停止以动物为研究对象的所有实验。选A 3.细节题:根据最后一段的句子:In some instances, substitutes are already thought as good or better than animals,but supervising agencies(监督机构)have yet to catch up.可知动物实验在现有条件下还要存在,但必须有一个监督标准(supervising standard),以便对动物保护要求有个交代。选C 4.主旨题:文中提到毒物学研究有新发展,可以用电脑模拟实验过程,但这些都还不完善,只是一种科学技术的发展倾向。选B 5.作者态度题:在语境中考查形容词的用法。arbitrary意为“任意的”,pessimistic意为“悲观的”, indifferent意为“不以为然的”, optimistic意为“乐观的”,按作者的意见,在新技术的条件下,完全有可能用其它手段代替活体动物实验,是乐观的态度,故选D。 考点:考查科普类短文
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The unwanted disturbing of a mobile phone ringing at a critical moment has led to some famously strong reactions

    British actor Richard Grif-fiths,stopped a performance at the National Theatre and ordered The offending party to leave

    Judge Robert Restaino went considerably further.He was hearing a session of domestic violence offenders in a court when proceedings were interrupted by rings of a phone.

   “Everyone is going to jail unless I get that instrument now,” he shouted.

    Over the next two hours,the judge entered a period of “incredible madness”.He began by ordering the doors of the court locked,and set the officers to searching for the phone.

    When that failed to find the offending item he ordered each of the defendants(被告) present in the room up to his bench and in turn asked them if they  had no idea, he sent each in turn to jail(监狱).   

All 46 of them.

    When a defendant protested the judge’s actions were not fair to those who didn’t possess the phone,Restaino replied:“I know it isn’t.

    Judge’s actions caused chaos.Extra officers had to be drafted into the court to control the crowd.and booking officers at the city jail were at full stretch.“We were playing Twister in here”, one said at the time.

Fourteen of the defendants were shackled(束缚 )in irons and sent to the county jail.

    The judge cooled off and later that afternoon released all 46.

    The “two hours of viral lunacy(疯狂)”, has probably cost Restaino his job.The commission ruled that he should be removed from his $14,000 job.Restaino now has 30 days to appeal(上诉).

    His lawyer pointed out that until that moment he had served 11 years as a judge without any disciplinary issues.“With the exception of two hours.his record is spotless.”

1.The underlined sentence in the passage means _____.

A.we are just playing games

B.we are struggling to control the crisis here

C.we can hardly survive the crisis

D.we’re searching casually

2.Why is British actor Richard mentioned?

A.To indicate the disadvantage of mobile phone.

B.To scold the misusage of mobile phone.

C.To provide an excuse for Richard’s offence.

D.To support the opinion above

3.Two hours of viral lunacy will_____

A.make Robert pay a large sum of money

B.make no difference to Robert

C.most likely make Robert lose his job

D.make him world famous

4.What’s the best title of the passage?

A.Phone-rage(狂怒) judge    B.Judge,prisoner and mobile phone

C.The story in court     D.Mobile phone in court

5.From the passage we can find_____.

A.Robert is always challenging the disciplines

B.Robert is now in jail

C.judge is not a well-paid job

D.all the defendants didn’t follow Robert’s instructions willingly

 

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Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly shows it, and the business of trying it on follows at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone's satisfaction.

For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else, he offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute(替代品)impolitely; he does so with skill: "I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It happens to be the colour you mentioned. Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response is: “This is the right colour and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on.”

Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way. Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only "having a look round". She is always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary(相反的) to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the lockout for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and fro(来回地), often retracing her steps, before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious process, but apparently an enjoyable one. Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.

1.According to the passage, when a man is buying clothes, ________.

A. he buys cheap things, regardless of quality

B. he chooses things that others introduce

C. he does not mind how much he has to pay for the right things

D. he buys good quality things, so long as they are not too dear

2.What does the passage tell us about women shoppers for clothes?

A. They welcome suggestions from anyone.

B. Women rarely consider buying cheap clothes.

C. Women often buy things without giving the matter proper thought.

D. They listen to advice but never take it.

3.What does a man do when he can not get exactly what he wants?

A. He buys a similar thing of the colour he wants.

B. He usually does not buy anything.

C. At least two of his requirements must be met before he buys.

D. So long as the style is right, he buys the thing.

4.Many jokes make fun of women shoppers by saying that________.

A. they waste money on inferior(劣质的) goods

B. they should buy only the best clothes

C. they are much more sensible than men

D. they think of the price of clothes and nothing else

5.What is the most obvious difference between men and women shoppers?

A. The fact that men do not try clothes on in a shop.

B. Women bargain for their clothes, but men do not.

C. Women stand up to shop, but men sit down.

D. The time they take over buying clothes.

 

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Once upon a time, on an isolated island in the Java sea, lived short people who dominated(支配, 占优势) the food chain. Standing no more than three and a half feet tall, these human ancestors hunted giant rats, lumbering lizards(笨拙的蜥蜴), and miniature elephants.  

   It sounds a bit like a fairy tale, but it's true. Unearthed relics on the island uncovered the remains of a race of tiny human ancestors. Homo floresiensis, as the newly discovered species has been named, apparently could date back to 13,000 years ago. This means they have a lot in common with modern humans.

  So how and why did these people get so small? Scientists suspect that it's due to the fact that this race lived on an isolated island with limited resources. Take the miniature elephants for example. When elephants first came to the island either by swimming or by some kind of natural land raft, they were probably close to full size. But since there wasn't much to eat, over time smaller elephants lived longer and better. The smaller the elephant was, the less it had to eat to stay strong and healthy.

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In the floresiensis, at least, getting smaller was the way to go.

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C. the unearthed relics      D. a newspaper report

2. The underlined word "miniature" in the first paragraph most probably means______.

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3.People on the island got so small because____________.

A. they did not have enough food to eat.

B. they gradually developed for lack of food.

C. they shared less food with elephants.

D. they remained alive as the elephants.

4. What might be the most suitable title of the passage?

A. The history of short people

B. Short people from a fairy tale

C. The proofs on short people

D. Short people on an isolated island

5.According to the passage, getting smaller can make people and animals ____

A. run quickly   B. live longer     C. live weaker   D. run slowly

 

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15.A. calm down        B. break down  C. speed up       D. give up

16.A. favourite B. personal        C. professional  D. successful

17.A. nobody    B. everybody    C. anything        D. everything

18.A. Firstly       B. Actually         C. Eventually    D. Fortunately

19.A. wounds    B. cuts       C. bites      D. dots

20.A. boring      B. confusing      C. complex        D. difficult

 

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---May I look at the menu for a little while?

--- Of course, _______, sir.

A. don’t worry  B. it doesn’t matter

C. enjoy yourself       D. take your time

 

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