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Below is a selection from a popular scie...

Below is a selection from a popular science book.

If blood is red, why are veins (静脉) blue?

Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish color. Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple color. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison.

Which works harder, your heart or your brain?

That kind of depends on whether you’re busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker(超级油轮). But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.

Why do teeth fall out, and why don’t they grow back in grown-ups?

Baby (or “milk”) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make bigger room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged, decayed(腐烂)and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, you’re done. When they’re gone, they are gone. This is because nature figures you’re set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.

Do old people shrink(收缩)as they age?

Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isn’t because they’re shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine (脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effect of gravity (重力). Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don’t really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards—their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it’s because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, become more bent and curved.

Why does spinning make you dizzy)?

Because your brain gets confused between what you’re seeing and what you’re feeling. The brain senses that you’re spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you’re moving while you’re not.

Where do feelings and emotions come from?

Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system(边缘系统). All mammals have this brain area — from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on this planet.

If exercise wears you out, how can it be good for you?

Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them. And as far as your body is concerned, it’s “use it, or lose it”! It’s not that exercise makes you healthy, it’s more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.  

 

1.What is the color of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?

A. Blue         B. Light yellow

C. Red                 D. Dark reddish purple

2.Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?

A. Because their spine is in active use.

B. Because they are more easily affected by gravity.

C. Because they keep growing backwards.

D. Because their spine becomes more bent.

3.Which of the following statements about our brain is true?

A. In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.

B. When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy.

C. The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.

D. Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.

4.What is the main purpose of the selection?

A. To give advice on how to stay healthy.

B. To provide information about our body.

C. To challenge new findings in medical research.

D. To report the latest discoveries in medical science.

 

1.D 2.D 3.A 4.B 【解析】 试题分析:你知道我们身体的一些秘密吗?比如血液是红色的,但为什么静脉看起来却是绿色的?等等问题,读完本篇你就会找到答案。 1.D考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in the vein near the surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple color.很容易判断出选D。 2.D考查细节理解。从第九段的when they do get shorter, it’s not because the spine has shortened a little. Or more often, become more bent and curved.可知老年人变矮不是因为他们的脊柱变短,更多的原因是因为他们的脊柱变弯曲。所以D选项正确。A选项的内容文中没有提及;B选项不符合文中的内容They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱)becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力);C选项的内容与文中的描述相反。 3.A考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句But in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.可知A项正确。通过第五段最后一句But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you’removing while you’re not可知当我们突然停止旋转时才会感到眩晕,所以B项错误;通过第六段最后一句But since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on this planet.可知C,D两项错误。 4.B考查推理判断。本篇的写作意图就是让我们了解我们的身体,为我们提供一些基本的信息,故B项正确。 考点:考查社科类阅读。
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Jimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he lost his job a few months ago. He has good heart, but always feared applying for a new job.

One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview. His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8:30. While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car. Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand. When Jimmy finished working on the car, the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service. Jimmy said there was no need to pay him; he just helped someone in need, and he had to rush for an interview. Then the old man said, “Well, I could take you to the office for your interview. It’s the least I could do. Please. I insist.” Jimmy agreed.

Upon arrival, Jimmy found a long line of applications waiting to be interviewed. Jimmy still had some grease (油腻物) on him after the car repair, but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt. One by one, the applicants left the interviewer’s office with disappointed look on their faces. Finally his name was called. The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window. Rocking the chair back and forth, he asked, “Do you really need to be interviewed?” Jimmy’s heart sank. “With the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this interview?” he thought to himself.

Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmy’s surprise, it was the old man he helped earlier in the morning. It turned out he was the General Manager of the company.

“Sorry I had to keep you waiting, but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into the office. I just know you’d be a trustworthy worker. Congratulations!” Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well-deserved coffee as he landed himself a new job.

1.Why did Jimmy apply for a new job?

A. He was out of work                                                     B. He was bored with his job

C. He wanted a higher position                                 D. He hoped to find a better boss

2.What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview?

A. A friend’s car had a flat tyre                                 B. a wild man was pushing a car

C. a terrible accident happened                                    D. an old man’s car broke down

3.Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride?

A. He was also to be interviewed                                  B. He needed a traveling companion

C. He always helped people in need                        D. He was thankful to Jimmy

4.How did Jimmy feel on hearing the interviewer’s question?

A. He was sorry for the other applicants

B. There was no hope for him to get the job

C. He regretted helping the old man

D. The interviewer was very rude

 

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My father left for our native place on Thursday. In fact, he had never traveled by __36__ before, so I just took this opportunity to let him __37__ his first flight. __38__ being asked to book a ticket by train, I got him a ticket on Jet Airways. The moment I handed over the ticket to him, he was surprised. The __39__ was very apparent on his face as we waited for the time of the __40__. Just like a schoolboy, he was __41__ himself on that day, using the trolley (手推车) for his luggage and asking for a window seat. He was __42__ enjoying himself and I, too, watching him experience all these things with __43__. As he was about to go in for the security check-in, he walked up to me with tears in his eyes and __44__ me. He became very __45__ for what I had done meant a great deal to him. I told him there was no need to thank me.

Later, I __46__ my life. As a child, how many dreams had our parents made come true? Without __47__ the financial situation, we asked for dresses, toys, outings, etc. They tried to __48__ all our needs. Did we ever say thanks for all they had done for us? Today __49__ it comes to our children, we always think we should give them the best. But we tend to __50__ that our parents have sacrificed a lot to see us happy, so it is our __51__ to make sure their dreams are realized.

Old age is like a second childhood and just as we take care of our children, the same __52__ needs to be given to our parents. I want to say sorry for making my father __53__ so long for this small dream to be realized.

Just the fact that they are old does not mean that they will have to __54__ everything and keep sacrificing. They have __55__, too.

Take care of your parents. They are precious.

1.A. bus                   B. train                      C. ship                D. air

2.A. catch                       B. miss                                 C. experience                      D. change

3.A. In spite of               B. Because of               C. In case of                       D. Instead of

4.A. pride                     B. excitement                   C. admiration              D. ambition

5.A. appointment         B. dream                              C. travel                              D. show

6.A. encouraging                B. warning               C. teaching                           D. preparing

7.A. thoroughly                       B. slowly                             C. immediately           D. suddenly

8.A. anger                                B. joy                             C. shyness                            D. curiosity

9.A. helped                          B. patted                               C. thanked                            D. praised

10.A. honest                        B. childish                       C. nervous                            D. emotional

11.A. looked for                  B. looked down upon        C. looked into                      D. looked back on

12.A. understanding     B. describing                     C. solving                     D. improving

13.A. avoid                           B. meet                                 C. record                         D. check

14.A. unless                         B. because              C. when                                D. though

15.A. learn                               B. express                    C. promise                            D. forget

16.A. ability                          B. responsibility    C. freedom                           D. fortune

17.A. song                                B. advice                            C. attention                          D. thing

18.A. struggle                 B. wait                                C. rest                                   D. stand

19.A. hand in                       B. pick up                C. pay off                     D. give up

20.A. wishes                        B. jobs                               C. plans                                 D. suggestions

 

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-- I didn't realize how popular the restaurant was until I made a reservation the other day.

-- I beg your pardon, but when __________?

A. was you realized it                     B. it was that you realized it

C. you realized it                                 D. was it that you realized it

 

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It_____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.

A. may                  B. must                 C. can                           D. should

 

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-- Do you think it's a good idea to make friends with your students?

-- ______, I do. I think it's a great idea.

A. Really                  B. Obviously               C. Actually                D. Generally

 

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