Question

When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保)that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. The United Nations Organization (UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.

More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster; it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. A common proverb says, “Give me a fish and I eat for day, teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime.” If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometimes what is take for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back form time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.

Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the build-up of friendships to consider. Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. However, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.

1.According to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time?

A． By solving the cost problems

B． By solving the transportation problems

C． By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.

D． By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.

2.What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence?

A．Providing food is vital                    B．Learning to fish is helpful

C．Teaching skills is essential                 D．Looking after others is important.

3.The second paragraph is developed mainly _________.

A．by example        B．by process         C．by comparison      D．by contrast

4.Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands?

A．A medical team.                        B．An exchange program.

C．A water plant.                          D．Financial support.

5.What can we infer about international aid from the passage?

A．It is facing difficulties

B．It is unnecessary during normal times

C．It should be given in the form of materials

D．It has gained support developed countries

Answer

1.C

2.C

3.A

4.D

5.A

【解析】

【文章大意】灾难在全球是不可避免的。国际援助雪中送炭。然而援助要落到实处，着实要有些高效的措施。灾难区要直接受惠于援助，联合国为此做出了努力。比如，建立一个正直无私心救援物质的管理团队。当然，本文作者认为高效的援助不在于物质，而是平日里技术知识的共享——打造坚强友谊，互派国际交换生！

1.细节理解题 从文章第一段最后一句Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.可以得知，救援物质要快速地分配到灾区，联合国可以在各国组建一支特别团队，专门实施这项工作。

2.语意理解题 “Give me a fish and I eat for day, teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime.”相当于汉语谚语“授人以鱼不如授人以渔。”，强调的是“渔”（技术）。后文举例可以得到印证：“For example, a country could share its technology with another.”（一个国家可以与另一国共享技术资源）“…like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites.”（比如农业，或像医疗卫生保健甚至卫星的制造等复杂领域。）等。

3.段落结构题第二段段首句More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. 和段尾句Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.阐述中心：加强平日技术知识交流。段中的多次使用for example，like等词语。所以主要使用例证法来展开论述。

4.语意推断题 救援灾区的主要是各地的捐款和物质，如果falls into the wrong hands，那可能造成救援钱物被贪污或挪作他用。D选项符合此意。

5.大意理解题 文章首段首句提出问题：When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. 第二段首句More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times.以及第三段首句Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills.分别阐述解决international aid尴尬的有效办法。