It’s true that quite a few most respected scientific authorities have confirmed that the world is becoming hotter and hotter. There’s also strong evidence that humans are contributing to the warming. Countless recent reports have proved the same thing. For instance, a 2010 summary about the climate science by the Royal Society noted that: “The global warming over the last half-century has been caused mainly by human activity.”
You may not believe that humans could change the planet’s climate, but the basic science is well understood. Each year, billions of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere because of human activity. As has been known for years, these gases hold heat that would otherwise escape to space, wrapping the planet in an invisible (看不见的) blanket.
Of course, the earth’s climate has always been changing due to “natural” factors such as volcanic eruption or changes in solar, or cycles concerning the Earth’s going around the sun. According to the scientific research, however, the warming observed by now matches the pattern of warming we would expect from a build-up of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere – not the warming we would expect from other possible causes.
Even if scientists did discover another reasonable explanation for the warming recorded so far, that would give birth to a difficult question. As Robert Henson puts it: “If some newly discovered factor is to blame for the climate change, then why aren’t carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases producing the warming that basic physics tells us they should be?”
The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be to run an experiment with two identical Earths – one with human influence and one without. That obviously isn’t possible, and so most scientists are careful not to state human influence as an absolute certainty.
1.In most scientists’ opinion, the global warming is mainly caused by ________.
A．solar activity B．volcanic activity
C．natural factors D．human factors
2.The text is developed by ________.
A．giving typical examples
B．following the order of space
C．analyzing a theory and arguing it
D．comparing and finding differences
3.The underline word “identical” in the last paragraph probably means ________.
A．totally different B．exactly the same
C．extremely important D．partly independent
4.Which of the following is not the cause of climate change?
A．volcanic eruption
B．cycles concerning the Earth’s going around the sun
C．changes in solar
D．floods and droughts
5.Which of the following can be the best title?
A．Are All the Scientists Really Scientific?
B．Where Is Global Warming Leading Us to?
C．Are Humans Definitely Causing Global Warming?
D．What’s the Relation of Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases?
We have proof that you become what you eat. When you know the effects of different types of food, you can use your knowledge well and eat what you want to become.
Food has an impact on our physical and mental health. Have you ever heard any of the following advice?
Lettuce (莴苣) or milk can make you sleepy.
To stop feeling sleepy you should eat peanuts or dried fish.
Everyone has their own advice to give, which they have read about or have been told by older relatives. Some of these pieces of advice seem to contradict each other.
Eating chocolate makes you fat and gives you spots.
Chocolate contains the essential minerals: iron and magnesium (镁).
What we need to figure out is what type of chocolate to eat to get the benefits and how much of it to eat. We can do this by reading the list of ingredients (原料) on the chocolate bar package. Exactly how much real chocolate is in there? And how much of that do we need to eat to get the benefits of the minerals it contains?
Future restaurants might be named after the physical or mental state they hope to create. Their menus will list the benefits of each dish and drink. Some restaurants have already started this concept, and list the nutritional (营养的) content of their dishes on the menus.
Let’s take the restaurant “Winners” as an example. Their menu would list dishes specifically designed to help you win sports competitions. Or you could choose the Go-faster salad, which is a large bowl of mixed raw vegetables in a light salad dressing, giving you energy without making you gain weight. And what kind of dishes do you think would be on the menu at the “Clever Café”?
So what’s going to happen to hamburgers and biscuits? Will the concept of eating food, because it’s tasty, go out of fashion? Of course not! Junk food is also changing. If ice-cream is not good for children, can’t we give them fat-free, sugar-free tofu ice-cream? Unhealthy food is going out of fashion, so brands are changing. We are told not to drink cola because of the sugar and caffeine content so cola companies are making sugar-free and caffeine-free drinks. We are told dried fruit is a healthier snack than biscuits so some biscuit companies are making biscuits with added vitamins.
1.By saying “you become what you eat”, the writer means that ________.
A．you will become your own food
B．you will know what food is good by its appearance
C．food has an effect on your health
D．you will know the effects of different types of food
2.What does the underlined word “contradict” mean in the text?
A．Oppose to B．Help with
C．Have influence on D．Benefit from
3.How can we eat chocolate properly, according to the passage?
A．To eat chocolate containing the essential minerals.
B．To read the list of ingredients on the package.
C．To get advice from others before eating real chocolate.
D．To learn how much chocolate we can consume before eating.
4.Which is true about the future restaurants?
A．The food in “Winners” can ensure you to win sports competitions.
B．They might list the nutritional content of their dishes on the menus.
C．Hamburgers will disappear in these restaurants.
D．The Go-faster salad helps you go faster.
5.The concept of eating tasty food will not go out of fashion because ________.
A．the junk food companies are changing their brand names
B．biscuit companies are making dried fruit
C．junk food will become healthier than before
D．Cola companies are still making cola
When I was learning calligraphy my teacher told me a story.
A calligrapher taught handwriting. One of his students who often practised handwriting with old sheets of newspapers complained that he made very little progress though he had learned it with the calligrapher for a long time. His teacher said to him, “Try to use the best paper. Maybe you’ll write better. ”
The student did as he was told. It really worked. He made headway not long afterwards and felt curious. He asked his teacher about the reason. The calligrapher answered, “When you used old newspapers to practice handwriting，you would think you were writing a draft（草稿）. It didn’t matter if you wrote badly as old newspapers were plenty in supply. In that case you wouldn’t pay much attention to it. Now you use the best paper you’ll treasure it. Each time you write you feel strongly about the rarity (稀少) of chances and you’ll devote to it with all your heart and soul; you’ll do the handwriting much more attentively than otherwise practising it. Of course you’ve made rapid progress.”
Indeed，we spend our ordinary days just as they are worthless “old newspapers”. We don’t care if we scrawl and waste them, thinking that they will come endlessly --- those “old newspapers” are inexhaustible. In such a mood we may each day pass by opportunities but fail to catch any of them.
Life is not a military exercise but an actual war in which real weapons are used. In everyday life there’s no chance for us to draw a draft. That’s because what we call “draft” actually is the answer sheet we write that cannot be changed. Every day of our life is something new. Let us take every day as a sheet of best paper.
1.The calligrapher in the story told the student to write on the best paper because he thought _______.
A．the student would practice more carefully on the best paper
B．it was comfortable to write on the bet paper
C．the student had enough money to buy the best paper.
D．the student could write more on the best paper.
2.The student didn’t make much progress at first because _________.
A．he regarded his writing on old newspaper just as a draft
B．he was too poor to buy better paper to write
C．he didn’t follow his teacher’s advice
D．he was not used to the calligrapher’s teaching manner
3.We learn from the passage that _________.
A．the student finally gave up
B．the student made rapid progress by persisting more carefully
C．the calligrapher was strict with his students
D．old newspaper is not useful
4.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．What teachers say is always true.
B．Success calls for attentiveness.
C．Handwriting is easy to practice.
D．New things are always better than old ones.
5.The writer wants to tell us that _________.
A．there are some good ways to practice handwriting
B．life is like old newspaper
C．we should learn from the student in the story
D．life will not give us a chance to draw a draft
One winter term during college, I took a history class to fulfill a requirement.
The professor was a 1 fellow with red hair. He would walk shyly into the room wearing his hooded (带帽的) winter coat, once not even 2 the hood during the lecture. He was terribly nervous in class and lowered his head 3 looking up through his glasses at his students.
So I 4 a little game for myself. I would try to find something in his lecture to ask him an intelligent question about, 5 me to pay attention rather than letting my eyes close. He was obviously 6 to have a question to answer. In fact, his answers were always interesting.
I continued to do this every day of the course and found myself actually enjoying the subject. The professor seemed to become a bit more 7 and some of the other students even 8 from time to time. My little game had saved me from being bored, as it was 9 to do. And, I learned quite a bit about ancient world history. Except for all of his strange __10 , he was indeed quite an expert in his field.
On the last day of his class, we gathered our 11 and headed out the door. The shy, red-haired professor 12 directly in front of me, with obvious efforts, as I reached the door, and put out his hand. He said, “I want to thank you for making this class so interesting.” As he shook my hand and 13 for the first time, I was so surprised. To me, it had been a pleasant way to 14 the time. I had no idea that all of my question asking had any 15 on him or the others at all.
Each of us, through the things we say and do, can have a great effect not just on our own experiences, but those of others.
1. A．strange B．patient C．popular D．proud
2. A．cleaning B．noticing C．removing D．wearing
3. A．hardly B．simply C．absolutely D．quickly
4. A．played B．continued C．created D．bought
5. A．reminding B．forcing C．allowing D．telling
6. A．angry B．surprised C．sad D．pleased
7. A．relaxed B．traditional C．reasonable D．concerned
8. A．gave up B．fell behind C．look back D．joined in
9. A．designed B．permitted C．challenged D．forbidden
10. A．explanation B．appearance C．secret D．hobby
11. A．collection B．friends C．game D．books
12. A．waited B．apologized C．greeted D．stepped
13. A．regretted B．smiled C．cried D．required
14. A．pass B．save C．fix D．waste
15. A．guidance B．result C．mercy D．effect
Childhood is a time （1）_____ there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, whatever he may do. (2)_____ is impossible that he will ever again in his life (3)________(give) so much without having to do anything in return. But a child hashis pains; he is not so free to do (4) _____he wishes to; he is continually being told not to do something, or being punished (5)_____ what he has done wrong.
When the child has become a young man and this young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work on his own if he wants to live (6)________ (comfort). If he spends most of his time (7) ________(play) about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go (8)________ (hunger). If, however, he works hard, (9)________(keep) out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of building up for himself his own position in (10)________ (social).
Unless __________, she won’t go to any party.
A．inviting B．having invited C．invited D．being invited
