“Colour” and “color”, “favourite” and “favorite”···Have you ever wondered why Americans spell those words without a “u”? Is it because they are lazy?
Of course not. In fact, the difference in spelling was created by Noah Webster (1758—1843). He is a teacher who reformed English to make American identity stronger. Linguists(语言学家) celebrated his 250th birthday on October 16. After the Revolutionary War(1775—1783), Webster believed that Americans should have their own dictionary, rather than rely on British versions(版本). He dropped the British “u” in some words. And he changed “centre” into “center” for children to learn English by spelling words more like they sounded.
Webster wasn’t shy about expressing his opinions. In defining(定义) preposterous, he wrote: “A republican government in the hands of females is preposterous.”
Webster spent 28 years on the project before completing the 70,000-word dictionary in 1828 with his American-style spellings. He also added local words. His dictionary was widely used in schools. Linguists believed it helped a new nation achieve unity and cultural independence at a time when most were focused on political freedom.
“He was the shaper of our language and the shaper of American identity,” said Joshua Kendall, who is working on a biography(传记) about Webster. “He at last bonded(联合) us through our language.”
1. According to the passage, when he worked on his dictionary, Noah Webster did all of the following EXCEPT______.
A.dropping “u” in all the British words |
B.changing “centre” into “center” |
C.adding local words |
D.expressing his opinion. |
2. When did Noah Webster probably begin his project of the dictionary?
A.In 1758 |
B.In 1783 |
C.In 1800 |
D.In 1828 |
3. Why did Noah Webster create these differences in his dictionary?
A.Because he wanted to make English simple and easy. |
B.Because he wanted American English to have it own characteristics(特征). |
C.Because he wanted to make American English the best in the world. |
D.Because he wanted to show that the USA is stronger than the UK. |
4. Which of the following word can best describe Noah Webster’s work?
A.Interesting |
B.Boring |
C.Unfinished |
D.Meaningful |
5. Which of the following would probably be the best title for the passage?
A.Webster |
B.American identity |
C.The shaper of American English |
D.Spelling difference between American and British English. |
Sometimes children do not do what their parents tell them to do. When this happens, a parent tries to help the child to do the right thing. When this does not work, the parent usually punishes the child.
There are many things that a parent can do. One thing that people have done is to spank the child. When a parent spanks a child, they will use their hand or a hard object to strike them on their bottom. This is meant to show the child that they have done something wrong.
One parent remembers being spanked when he was a child. His parents used a wooden spoon. When he spanked his own children with his hand, he saw that he put a red mark on his child’s leg. He never did that again.
One problem with spanking is that it teaches the child to hit someone when they do not like what the other person is doing. Another problem with spanking is that the parent is usually angry and can hit the child too hard. Sometimes parents will use spanking for everything and not try other ways to get the child to do the right thing.
Many parents are not sure of what to do instead of spanking. Some people think that their religion(宗教)tells them that spanking is okay. Some think that the law lets them do it. The courts (法院) say that parents have the right to teach their children how to behave.
Other things should be tried before a parent decides to spank a child. Telling the child exactly what is wanted from them can be one thing. Giving a child more than one choice is another thing that can be tried. Getting down to the child’s level and taking a more child-friendly approach (方法) can help as well.
1. According to the passage, when children do something wrong, one thing that parents usually do to punish them is to _______.
A.strike them on the bottom |
B.try to help them do the right thing |
C.teach them what to do |
D.take them to court |
2. What does the word “spank” mean?
A.打屁股 |
B.下跪 |
C.罚站 |
D.打手心 |
3. Which of the following is NOT the problem caused by spanking?
A.It teaches the child to hit others when they offend (冒犯) him or her. |
B.The parent may get angry and hit the child too hard. |
C.Sometimes parents may use spanking for everything. |
D.It makes parents try other ways to make the child do right. |
4. Which of the following can best describe the writer’s attitude towards spanking?
A.favorable (赞同的) |
B.indifferent (不关心) |
C.interested |
D.unfavorable |
5. From this passage, we can conclude (作出结论) that ________.
A.good children always do the right thing |
B.parents should try their best to avoid (避免) spanking their children |
C.parents have no choice but to spank their children when they do something wrong |
D.children can have more than one choice to avoid being spanked |
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I live in a big city. It’s noisy and dirty and I got very 36 .At the weekends I like to leave the city and get some 37 air and a good rest. A few weeks ago I decided to go to see my 38 . I was really looking forward to it.
My parents live a long way 39 .I went to see them with James, a friend, and we drove on Friday night. In the middle of the 40 it began to rain. The road become very 41 and it was difficult to drive. We arrived home just after midnight, feeling very 42 .The next 43 it was still raining. James took his 44 to a garage which was very good.
In the afternoon the 45 improved, we wanted to go for a 46 . My parents lent us their car. That was no good. Their car didn’t 47 .We rang up the garage. “Oh,” They said, “Your car 48 be ready till tomorrow.” So it wasn’t 49 to go for a drive. We decided to play a word game. When we didn’t agree 50 a word we looked for a dictionary. It wasn’t there. 51 my mother remembered, “I lent it to your sister. She took it with her when she left.” The word game wasn’t any good 52 a dictionary.
On Sunday my mother dropped a heavy box on her 53 and we had to hire a 54 to take her to hospital. When James and I drove back we got stuck in a car accident. Next time I want a rest, I’ll stay 55 .
1.
A.angry |
B.surprised |
C.tiring |
D.tired |
2.
A.warm |
B.cool |
C.cold |
D.fresh |
3.
A.comrades |
B.friends |
C.parents |
D.hometown |
4.
A.away |
B.here |
C.there |
D.far |
5.
A.day |
B.night |
C.journey |
D.road |
6.
A.narrow |
B.wet |
C.dirty |
D.dry |
7.
A.happy |
B.excited |
C.tired |
D.thirsty |
8.
A.morning |
B.day |
C.afternoon |
D.evening |
9.
A.clothes |
B.car |
C.books |
D.machine |
10.
A.car |
B.clothes |
C.weather |
D.work |
11.
A.drive |
B.look |
C.trip |
D.walk |
12.
A.move |
B.roll |
C.begin |
D.work |
13.
A.mustn’t |
B.couldn’t |
C.wouldn’t |
D.won’t |
14.
A.interesting |
B.necessary |
C.possible |
D.wonderful |
15.
A.on |
B.over |
C.for |
D.with |
16.
A.Luckily |
B.Suddenly |
C.Gradually |
D.Quickly |
17.
A.for |
B.in |
C.with |
D.without |
18.
A.foot |
B.leg |
C.head |
D.floor |
19.
A.truck |
B.taxi |
C.bike |
D.bus |
20.
A.in the country |
B.in the city |
C.in my office |
D.in the garage |
Hurry up! The shop __ in five minutes.
A.closes |
B.is closing |
C.has closed |
D.is about to close |
The boy insisted that he __ old enough, and __ the right to make his own choice.
A.was; be given |
B.was; was given |
C.be; give |
D.is; be given |
I__ my father into giving up smoking but he didn’t listen to me.
A.persuaded |
B.advised |
C.tried to persuade |
D.suggested |