Question

    Research proves that nearly half of the cancers diagnosed(诊断) in the UK each year—over 130,000 in total— are caused by life choices that include smoking, drinking and eating the wrong things.

Tobacco(烟草) is the biggest factor, causing 23% for cases in men and 15.6% in women, says the Cancer Research UK report. Next comes a lack of fresh fruit and vegetables in men’s diets, while for women it is being overweight. Lead author of the report, Professor Max Parkin, said: “Many people believe cancer is related to fate(命运) or ‘in the genes(基因)’, and that it depends on luck whether they get it or not. Looking at all the evidence, it is clear that around 40% of all cancers are caused by things we mostly have the power to change.”

For men, the best advice appears to be: stop smoking, eat more fruit and vegetables and cut down on how much alcohol you drink. For women, again, the best advice is to stop smoking, but also watch your weight.

In total, 14 lifestyle and environmental factors, such as where you live and the job you do, cause 134,000 cancers in the UK each year.

Some risk factors are well founded, such as smoking’s link with lung(肺) cancer. But others are less well realized. For stomach cancer, a fifth of the risk comes from having too much salt in the diet, data suggests. Some cancers, like mouth and throat cancer, are caused almost mainly by lifestyle choices. But others, like gall bladder cancer(胆囊癌), are largely not related to lifestyle.

Public Health Minister, Anne Milton, said: “By making small changes you can cut your risk of serious health problems—giving up smoking, watching you drink, getting more exercise and keeping an eye on your weight.”

1.The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refer to________.

A.change B.lifestyle C.cancer D.weight

2.According to Professor Parkin, he thinks that________.

A.cancers are caused because of genes

B.some cancers may be avoided mainly

C.most cancers are caused for no reason

D.men can keep an eye on their weight to avoid cancers

3.According to this passage, stomach cancer can be brought on by________.

A.working overtime B.taking in too much salt

C.lack of exercise D.smoking too much

4.Which of the following can be learnt from the passage?

A.Smoking is the only cause of lung cancer.

B.Drinking a small amount of wine is good for health.

C.Some cancers may not be caused by lifestyle choices.

D.About 134,000 people die of cancer in the UK each year.

Answer

1.C

2.B

3.B

4.C

【解析】

短文详细的讲了一些癌症的起因，并给了一些有益的建议。

1.词义猜测题。根据文中Many people believe cancer is related to fate(命运) or ‘in the genes(基因)’, and that it depends on luck whether they get it or not.许多人认为癌症与命运或“基因”有关，而这取决于运气，看他们是否会得它。可知这里的it指代的是cancer，故选C。

2.细节理解题。根据文中Looking at all the evidence, it is clear that around 40% of all cancers are caused by things we mostly have the power to change.看看所有的证据，很明显，大约40%的癌症是由我们有能力改变的事情引起的。也就是说有些癌症是可以避免的，故选B。

3.细节理解题。根据文中For stomach cancer, a fifth of the risk comes from having too much salt in the diet对于胃癌来说，五分之一的风险来自于饮食中过多的盐。可知胃癌可能是因为吃太多盐引起的，故选B。

4.细节理解题。根据文中such as smoking’s link with lung(肺) cancer.比如吸烟与肺癌的关系。可知，肺癌是与吸烟有关系，但不是唯一的原因，所以A选项错误；根据文章的理解及文中are caused by life choices that include smoking, drinking and eating the wrong things.都是由生活中的选择引起的，包括吸烟、饮酒和饮食不当。并没有说喝少量的酒对身体有好处，所以排除B选项；根据文中But others, like gall bladder cancer(胆囊癌), are largely not related to lifestyle.但其他的，如胆囊癌，基本上与生活方式无关。可知C选项是正确的；根据文中In total, 14 lifestyle and environmental factors, such as where you live and the job you do, cause 134,000 cancers in the UK each year.总共有14种生活方式和环境因素，比如你住在哪里，你做什么工作，在英国每年导致134000人患癌症。可知D选项错误，故选C。