Question

    The word “plastic” comes from the Greek word “Platicos” and is used to describe something that can be easily shaped.

The history of plastics is longer than you might___________ . In fact the first man-made plastic ever to appear on the market was made over a hundred years ago. It was called “celluloid（赛璐璐）”. It was discovered by ___________an English man and an American in the same year.___________ it was the Americans who first produced it on a large scale（规模）during the year 1860. Everybody was ___________by this new material which could be moulded（用模子做）into shapes and was so cheap to buy.

Poor young men working in cities with lots of smoke and dirt were ___________ to buy white celluloid collars （领子）. The collars were hard and uncomfortable but they did not have to be sent to wash. The poor young men could rub them clean every evening with soap and water! Poor mothers, who had not been able to afford toys for their children, were now able to buy them toys___________ of celluloid.

But celluloid had one very serious fault. It caught fire very easily. In fact it burned even more quickly than wood or cloth. There were many terrible accidents, particularly___________ children. For years scientists worked hard to find a better plastic material than celluloid. They had _________ success. Then in 1932 an American scientist called Baekeland produced a hard plastic material which did not burn. It became known as bakelite（酚醛塑料）. Other plastic materials like bakelite were also produced. They were used to make electrical fittings （配件）and plates and cups. Poor people liked them because they were both cheap and___________, but rich people disliked them because they were cheap, and because they could only be made ___________dark colors.

1.A.wish B.think C.want D.hope

2.A.both B.neither C.either D.between

3.A.So B.But C.And D.As

4.A.surprised B.excited C.told D.frightened

5.A.worried B.sure C.afraid D.able

6.A.done B.produced C.worked D.made

7.A.between B.on C.among D.about

8.A.much B.great C.never D.little

9.A.hard B.soft C.safe D.dangerous

10.A.in B.by C.from D.of

Answer

1.B

2.A

3.B

4.B

5.D

6.D

7.C

8.D

9.C

10.A

【解析】

本文讲述了塑料的历史，及对于塑料制品，富人们，穷人们的不同态度。

1.句意：塑料的历史比你认为的要长。

考查动词辨析。wish希望，wish sb. to do sth.：希望某人做某事，wish后面跟从句使用虚拟语气；think认为；want想要；hope希望，hope to do sth.：希望做某事，hope后面可以跟从句。根据句意可知选B。

2.句意：在同一年一个英国人和一个美国人都发现它了。

考查连词短语。both…and…：两个都，……和……都；故选A。

3.句意：但是美国人在1860年第一次大规模生产。

考查连词辨析。So因此，所以；But但是；And和，而且；As由于，当……时候。根据前句“在同一年一个英国人和一个美国人都发现它了。”和此句句意是转折关系，所以用but；故选B。

4.句意：每个人都对这种新材料感到兴奋，这种新材料可以做成各种形状，而且价格便宜。

考查形容词辨析。surprised使惊奇，使惊讶；excited使激动，使兴奋；told讲述；frightened使惊吓，使惊恐。本句是被动语态，其结构：be+动词的过去分词；根据下文“这种新材料可以做成各种形状，而且价格便宜”可知这种材料使每个人兴奋；故选B。

5.句意：在烟雾弥漫的城市里工作的贫穷的年轻人能够买到白色的赛璐珞衣领。

考查形容词辨析。worried担心的；sure一定；afraid害怕，畏惧；able能够。根据上文“这种新材料可以做成各种形状，而且价格便宜”可知“在烟雾弥漫的城市里工作的贫穷的年轻人能够买到白色的赛璐珞衣领。”故选D。

6.句意：可怜的母亲们以前买不起孩子的玩具，现在却能给他们买些赛璐珞制成的玩具。

考查动词辨析。done做，干；produced生产，制造，出产；worked 工作，劳动；made制造，做。短语(be) made of：某物由……制造，某物由……制作；故选D。

7.句意：有许多可怕的事故，特别是在儿童中。

考查介词辨析。between在……之间（两者）；on在……上；among在……之间（三者及以上）；about关于。根据句意可知选C。

8.句意：他们几乎没有成功。

考查形容词辨析。much许多，形容词；great伟大的；never从来不，副词；little几乎没有，很少，形容词。本词修饰不可数名词success，可知填形容词；根据下文“Then in 1932 an American scientist called Baekeland produced a hard plastic material which did not burn.”可知多年来，科学家们努力寻找一种比赛璐珞更好的塑料材料几乎没有成功；故选D。

9.句意：穷人喜欢它们是因为它们既便宜又安全，但富人不喜欢它们是因为它们便宜，而且它们只能制造成深色。

考查形容词辨析。hard 硬；soft软；safe安全的；dangerous危险的。根据常识可知“便宜又安全穷人才喜欢”，故选C。

10.句意：穷人喜欢它们是因为它们既便宜又安全，但富人不喜欢它们是因为它们便宜，而且它们只能制成深色。

使用某种颜料，用介词in，in dark colours：使用深颜色；故选A 。