根据短文内容，用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整。（每词限用一次）
friend, marry, rather, introduce, prefer, polite, child, person, answer, begin
American often greet each other simply with “Hello” or “Hi”. They believe such an informal greeting often implies(暗示) a close and 1.relationship. Similarly, Americans don’t have a formal “farewell”. To Americans, a friendly and informal relationship is the most important thing. Yes, a proper introduction will leave a good first impression on others.
However, American introductions are usually2. simple. In the United States, most people don't like using Mr., Mrs. or Miss in 3..They find these terms too formal. They4. first names to formal titles in most cases. For example, a gentleman may say, "Glad to meet you. I'm Miller. But call me Paul." Sometimes a woman you meet for the first time may say, "Don't call me Mrs. Smith. Just call me Sally." So when your American friends do not use your last name or titles, don't feel that they have been 5..They only want to show friendliness.
When you first get to know an American, he may ask you," Where do you work?" "Are you6.?" or "Do you have 7.?" Such questions may be too 8. to Europeans. But Americans do sometimes ask such questions. They would like to get 9. to these questions. In this way they can get better acquainted（熟悉）with you and have a topic for
10.conversation with you.
（一）单词拼写（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
根据句意和首字母或汉语提示，将单词的正确形式完整地写在答题纸相应的位置上。
1.John is fond of sports，so he is now much h________ than before．.
2.Some girls would never go out w_____taking time to dressing themselves up.
3.You’d better be s________ , we’re not joking.
4.We should take actions to prevent water________（污染）because we can't live without water.
5.Listening to music is a way of __________(放松) yourself.
Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time; if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the languages he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people.
In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things, they learn to do without being taught-to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle-compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.
If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work？ Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer. Let’s end this nonsense of grades, exams, marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.
1.What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things？
A. by copying what other people do
B. by making mistakes and having them corrected
C. by listening to explanations from skilled people
D. by asking a great many questions
2.According to the writer, teachers in school should _____
A. allow children to learn from each other
B. point out children’s mistakes whenever found
C. correct children’s mistakes as soon as possible
D. give children more book knowledge
3.The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are___.
A. not really important skills B. more important than other skills
C. basically different from learning adult skills D. basically the same as learning other skills
4.Exams, grades, and marks should be abolished because children’s progress should only be estimated by___.
A. educated persons B. the children themselves C. teachers D. parents
Once there was a huge apple tree. A little boy loved to come and play around it every day. He loved the tree and the tree loved to play with him.
Time went by…the little boy had grown up and he no longer played around the tree every day. One day, the boy came back to the tree and he looked sad. “Come and play with me,” the tree asked the boy. “I’m no longer a kid. I wouldn’t play around the tree any more.” The boy replied. “I want toys. I need money to buy them.” “Sorry, I don’t have money. But you can pick all my apples and sell them. So, you will have money.” The boy picked all the apples on the tree and left happily. The boy never came back after he picked the apples.
One day, the boy returned and the tree was so excited, “Come and play with me,” the tree said. “I don’t have time to play. I have to work for my family. We need a house for shelter. Can you help?” “Sorry, I don’t have a house. But you can cut off my branches to build your house.” So the boy cut all the branches off the tree and left happily. The tree was glad to see him happy but the boy never came back since then. The tree was again lonely and sad.
One hot summer day, the boy returned and the tree was pleased. “Come and play with me!” the tree said. “I am sad and getting old. I want to go sailing to relax myself. Can you give me a boat?” “Use my trunk to build your boat. You can sail far away and be happy.” So the boy cut the tree trunk to make a boat. He went sailing and never showed up for a long time.
Finally, the boy returned after he left for so many years. “Sorry, my boy. But I don’t have anything for you any more. The only thing left is my dying root.” the tree said with tears.
“Good! Old tree root is the best place to lean on and rest. Come and sit down with me and rest.” The boy sat down and the tree was glad and smiled with tears …
1.The boy pick all the apples on the tree because __________.
A. he wanted to eat them B. he needed money to buy toys
C. he liked the tree without apples D. he wanted to share them with friends
2.The boy come back to the apple tree _________.
A. whenever he was happy B. if he missed the apple tree
C. when he was in times of difficulty D. as soon as he was free
3.The boy wanted ___________at last.
A. to have a house to live in B. nothing except a place to rest
C. the root of the apple tree D. anything that the apple tree had
4.From the story we learn that we should _________.
A. plant more apple trees B. learn from the boy
C. always stay at home D. be thankful to our parents
We all know that 70% of the earth is water．But only 1% of it is clean water．People can't live without water．So it's important for everyone to save water．Here are some tips for saving water．
Indoors：
●Turn the tap off while you are brushing your teeth，washing your hands，doing dishes，taking a shower and so on．
●Catch the cold water that comes out of the tap or shower while you are waiting for the hot water．Use it to water plants or wash your toilet．
●Don't wash clothes too often．When you use the washing machine，make sure there is not only a pair of pants in it．
Outdoors：
●Water the garden and grass at night．This gives water more time to get into the earth without evaporation from the day's heat．
●Plant small trees under big trees．This will help stop evaporation and gives some shade（树阴） for your plants．You can also plant a shade garden under trees．
1.It's important for everyone to save water because ．
A. 70% of the earth is water B. the water on the earth is clean
C. only a small part of the water is clean D. we need it to water plants
2.What does the underlined word "evaporation" mean in Chinese？
A. 流失 B. 蒸发 C. 渗透 D. 锁住
3.The following ways can save water according to the passage except ．
A. planting a shade garden under trees
B. watering the garden and grass during the night time
C. catching the cold water when you wait for the hot water to shower
D. using the washing machine as you like，no matter how many dirty clothes there are．
Are you having a problem going to sleep? Have you tried many ways such as drinking a glass of warm milk or listening to some soft music or counting sheep but it still does not work? Cooling down your brain may be a great way to help you get good sleep.
A new study has found that you might fall asleep quicker if you try cooling down your brain. Daniel and Eric from the University of Pittsburgh Medical School led the study. They examined twelve people who had insomnia. The other twelve had no problems in sleeping. Each of them wore a cap on their heads at bed time.
The caps had tubes (管) inside filled with water. The researchers moved the water through the tubes and then changed the temperature of the water. People had trouble sleeping (called “patients” in the following parts of the passage) often had more chemical reactions (化学反应) in their brains. The researchers thought lowering the temperature of the head might help.
On the first two nights of testing, the patients wore no water caps. During the next two nights, the caps were worn, but the water was not cooled. Then the researchers cooled the water a little for another two nights. On the final two nights of the study, the temperature of the water was made much cooler.
The situation of the insomnia did not become better until the temperature was about 14ºC. Most of the patients fell asleep faster and slept better when the coolest water was moving around their heads.
This is the only beginning of the head temperature study. But they believe they have discovered something important that needs more research.
1.A new study to help people fall asleep quicker is _________.
A. counting sheep B. listening to soft music
C. cooling down your brain D. drinking a glass of warm milk
2.What’s the meaning of the underlined word “insomnia”?
A. 抑郁症. B. 失眠症. C. 自闭症. D. 头痛.
3.According to the passage, the test lasts for _________ nights.
A. 12 B. 10 C. 8 D. 6
4.Insomnia patients became better when _________.
A. the water was cooled about 14ºC B. The caps were filled with water
C. the water was not cooled D. the water caps were worn on their heads
