What are fossils?
Fossils are the remains of plants or animals. For such remains to be considered fossils, scientists have decided they have to be over 10,000 years old. The word fossil comes from the Latin word “fossilis”, which means, “dig up”. Fossils can be divided into “body fossils” and “trace(痕迹) fossils”. Body fossils are the remains of a plant or animal’s body. Trace fossils are the remains of the activity of an animal, such as footprints, egg shells, and nests.
How are fossils formed?
Some animals were quickly covered after their death by sediment(沉淀物) like earth, mud or sand. Over time, the parts of the animals that didn’t rot (usually the harder parts like bones and teeth) were covered in the newly formed sediment. Then, a lot of chemical changes happened to the animals bodies. Water with minerals(矿物质) went into the bone and took the place of the chemicals in the bone with rock-like minerals. In the end we get a heavy, rock-like copy of the original object - a fossil. There weren’t any changes in size and shape when an object changed into a fossil, but the fossil of a bone doesn’t have any bone in it! It is chemically more like a rock! According to scientists, fossils have been found on every continent(大陆) on Earth.
1.Trace fossils can’t be formed from the ______ of some kind of animals.
A. footprints B. nests C. eggs D. bodies
2.______ brings the rock-like minerals into the bone.
A. Sunlight B. Earth C. Water D. Air
3.According to the last paragraph, the fossil is as ______ as the original object.
A. heavy B. big C. old D. clean
4.We can know that ______ from the passage.
A. scientists think that the fossils may have a history of 100 centuries.
B. people haven’t found any fossil on the continent of Africa.
C. we can find some real bones in the fossils of a bone.
D. there are many kinds of sediment in the fossils.
5.This passage most probably comes from ______.
A. an advertisement B. a medical magazine C. a science book D. a notice
The game of telephone is a classic ice breaker and party game. It’s easy to set up and a lot of fun to play. You and your friends will try to pick a word or phrase, “pass it on” by whispering(耳语) it to someone next to you, and have fun seeing how much it changed during the game. All you will need to play is a couple of friends, a word or phrase, and a whisper.
Get everyone in place.
Although the game of telephone is simple to play, you will need to arrange(安排) the players in a way that supports the game. Have everyone stand in either a line or a circle. Players should be spaced far enough apart that they won’t overhear the word when it isn’t their turn. Proper position is important when playing telephone.
Start the game.
Choose a person to start the game. Make the person think of a word or give a certain word to him or her. And he or she should whisper it to the person next to them. The pronunciation of the word should sound like many others’ as the idea is to see how much it changes by the game’s end. Once the word has been told to the next person, they will whisper it to the person next to them.
Continue whispering the word.
Players continue listening to the word and repeating what they think they heard to the person next to them. This is done until the last person in the line or circle is told the word. Every person should have heard the word or phrase by the end of the game.
See how much the word changed.
Once the last person hears the word or phrase, they will say what they think they heard out-loud. This is compared to the original word that the game started with. This is the moment when all the players get to learn just how much the word or phrase changed through their “telephone line”.
1.The writer wants to tell us how to ______ by writing this passage.
A. hold an interesting party B. learn words and phrases C. play a party game D. how to make friends
2.Picture ______ is the right way of playing the game of telephone.
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
3.The words in Group ______ may be heard in the game of telephone.
A. duck-dark-park-luck B. except-expect-expert-express
C. good-well-better-best D. luck-lucky-luckily-unluckily
4.When the ______ person hears the word or phrase, he or she should speak it out loudly.
A. first B. second C. middle D. last
5.According to the passage, statement ______ is TRUE.
A. The people who are in this game should stand next to each other closely.
B. We need some friends, a word or phrase and a telephone to play the game.
C. When you pass the word to the person next to you, you should shout it aloud.
D. The game of telephone can be played both in birthday parties and New Year parties.
Abbreviations(缩写) are now widely used in our daily lives. Here are some of them. Are you familiar with them?
R.S.V.P. stands for a French phrase, “répondez, s'il vous plaît,” which means “please reply.” If R.S.V.P. is written on an invitation, it means the invited guest must tell the host(主人) whether or not they plan to attend the party as soon as possible. Because the hosts who are planning a dinner party or a wedding need to know how many people to count on and how much food and drink to buy. More important, though, it is polite to reply someone who was nice enough to invite you, even if it is to say that you are sorry that you will not be able to attend.
B.Y.O.B. has been used first in the early 1970s to mean “bring your own bottle (of wine)”, although in present-day it is just as likely to mean “bring your own booze” or “bring your own beer”. It was used by small restaurants that was not allowed to sell wine. But now B.Y.O.B. is often placed on an invitation to tell the guests that the host will not be providing wine and that guests are welcome to bring their own.
R.I.P stands for “rest in peace” in English, The phrase was not found before the 8th century. It became ubiquitous(普遍现象) on the tombs of Christians in the 18th century, Now, it is always written on tombstones to express the wish of forever rest and peace to someone who has died.
P.K. means “Player Killing” originally. The word P.K. is now also used in China and Taiwan as a verb(动词). In fact, there may actually be no player killing. It is most used in 1v1 situations like 1v1 basketball, 1v1 chess, 1v1 footrace and so on. P.K. can also be used in situations where one team is against another in a 1 team vs 1 team competition like in the NBA, soccer, baseball and so on.
1.If you receive a party invitation with R.S.V.P., you ______.
A. have to go to the party B. should reply as soon as possible
C. have to buy some food D. should make plans for the party
2.R.I.P. is used to someone who ______.
A. holds a party B. likes drinking beer C. has been dead D. joins in a game
3.______ will be used when there is a competition between two teams.
A. R.S.V.P. B. B.Y.O.B. C. R.I.P D. P.K.
4.The writer wants to introduce some foreign ______to us by writing this passage.
A. cultures B. histories C. science D. stories
Many years ago, a young woman doctor named Jessie received a present－“a parrot” at her birthday party. She was always busy in the hospital and spent little time with the parrot. So over time the parrot developed a bad attitude(态度).
It got to the point that every word out of the bird’s mouth was obnoxious. Sometimes the parrot even shouted at Jessie. She tried and tried to change the bird’s attitude by saying only polite words, playing soft music and anything else she could think of to “clean up” the bird’s attitude.
Finally, Jessie was angry and shouted at the parrot. The parrot shouted back. Jessie lost her temper and shook the parrot. The parrot became even more rude. Jessie threw the bird into the fridge angrily. For a few minutes the parrot kicked and screamed. Then suddenly there was total silence.
Fearing that she’d hurt the parrot, Jessie quickly opened the door to the fridge.
The parrot walked out onto Jessie’s arms and said “I believe I may have offended(冒犯) you with my rude language and actions. I am so sorry for what I said and did just now and I will do everything I can to correct my rude attitude.”
Jessie couldn’t believe the change in the bird’s attitude.
As she was about to ask the parrot what had made such a change in his attitude, the bird spoke-up, very softly, “May I ask what the turkey did?”
1.The parrot was given to Jessie as her ______.
A. gift B. prize C. food D. patient
2.The underlined word “obnoxious” means ______ in English.
A. strange B. impolite C. boring D. scary
3.Jessie tried to change the parrot’s attitude by ______.
A. saying polite words B. cleaning up the room
C. playing rock music D. shouting at the parrot
4.Jessie opened the door to the fridge quickly, because ______.
A. she was afraid of hurting the parrot. B. she needed to get something in it.
C. she had something to talk with the parrot. D. she wanted to say sorry to the parrot.
5.The parrot might be ______ when it saw the turkey in the fridge.
A. happy B. frightened C. angry D. sleepy
No one likes being sick. From the runny nose and sore throat of a cold to the fever and the flu, being sick can
______ slow you down. Since there isn’t a good way to deal with either the cold or flu, you just have to get ______
the terrible days. But with proper care, you won’t be sicker and you can be better sooner rather than later.
Stay away from work or study.Your ______ is the best place for you now. Going out and having a normal day will ______ make you sicker. It also exposes (暴露) those around you to illness. Stay home and take care of yourself so that you can go out again soon.
______ as much as you need. Sleeping can be one of the most necessary steps in allowing your body to get better. When a ______ attacks(攻击) your body, it needs as much energy as it can to fight it off. Sleep helps give you that energy.
Avoid doing sports. Even if you do it every day and find it gives you increased energy, working out when you’re
______ doesn’t give you that energy. It makes you even worse.
Wash your hands frequently (频繁地).This will help prevent you from getting ______ germs(细菌) and possibly getting sicker. It’s also going to help you get rid of the germs that have collected on your ______. Wash your hands with hot water and soap ______ at least 20 seconds.
1.A. seriously B. difficultly C. clearly
2.A. out B. off C. through
3.A. office B. home C. school
4.A. never B. hardly C. often
5.A. Sleep B. Speak C. Swim
6.A. loneliness B. sickness C. happiness
7.A. sick B. bored C. sleepy
8.A. less B. fewer C. more
9.A. hands B. body C. feet
10.A. of B. for C. in
— Mom, could I have a new computer?
—______, we don’t have spare money.
A. I hope not B. I am afraid not C. I hope so
