| 1. 难度：简单 | |
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As the world's largest terrestrial carnivore (陆地食肉动物), the polar bear is the king of the great white north.Adult males can measure more than 9 feet in length and weigh between 770 and 1,430 pounds.The polar bear has a strong body while their heads are narrow with small, rounded ears. Polar bears can be found in northern Canada, Greenland, Norway and Russia, and there have been reports that polar bear tracks have been found as far north as the North Pole.The 5,000,000－square－mile range of the polar bear circles the Arctic and contains pieces of open water where seals are easily caught. Polar bears live on the annual Arctic sea ice that provides a platform from which they can hunt.They hunt seals on the sea ice by breaking into seal dens in the sea ice.The dens aren't visible from above, but seeing is less important than smelling to polar bears—with their sharp sense of smell, polar bears can sense the breathing holes of seals in their dens beneath the snow and ice.As the southern edge of the Arctic ice cap melts in summer, polar bears are forced to stay on land and spend their summers fasting (禁食), living off body fat stored from hunting in spring and winter. With about 22,000 polar bears living in the wild, the species is not endangered at the moment, but its future is far from certain.Climate change is causing the disappearance of sea ice from which polar bears hunt seals.Sea ice in the Arctic is melting earlier and forming later each year.People have reached an agreement that controls the hunting of polar bears and directs each nation to protect their habitats, but it does not protect the bears against the biggest man－made threat to their survival: global warming.If current warming trends continue, scientists believe that polar bears may disappear within 100 years. 1.Polar bears search for seals mainly through their ____. A. eyes B. ears C. noses D. necks 2.The underlined word “dens” in paragraph 3 most probably means “____”． A. the skin of the wild animals B. the home of wild animals C. the breathing holes of seals D. water of the deep sea 3.Which of the following statements is TRUE？ A. A polar bear measures at least 9 feet long. B. Polar bears can be found in both the North Pole and the South Pole. C. Polar bears stop hunting in summer because seals are hidden at that time. D. Polar bears may die out as a result of climate change.
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| 2. 难度：困难 | |
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Plastic-Eating Worms
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017. Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. ＂Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ＂ Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)? Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.＂ 1.What can we learn about the worms in the study? A. They take plastics as their everyday food. B. They are newly evolved creatures. C. They can consume plastics. D. They wind up in landfills. 2.According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to . A. identify other means of the breakdown B. find out the source of the enzyme C. confirm the research findings D. increase the breakdown speed 3.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might . A. help to raise worms B. help make plastic bags C. be used to clean the oceans D. be produced in factories in future 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain a study method on worms. B. To introduce the diet of a special worm. C. To present a way to break down plastics. D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
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| 3. 难度：中等 | |
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A deal has been signed to turn byproducts from a Scottish distillery (酿酒厂) into fuel for cars. In what is declared to be a world first, the Tullibardine distillery in Perthshire has linked up with a spin－out company from Napier University in Edinburgh.They plan to use bacteria to feed on the “leftovers” from the whisky (威士忌酒) making process.This will produce butanol which can be used to fuel vehicles.
More than 90% of the stuff that comes out of a whisky distillery is not whisky.It is leftovers like draff and pot ales (酒糟)—both produced in the early stages of the process.They are high in sugar and are currently used for things like fertiliser and cattle feed.Napier University's Biofuel Research Centre (BfRC) has already shown that the right bacteria can feed on those by－products to produce butanol－a direct replacement for vehicle fuel.Now the spin－out company, Celtic Renewables, and independent whisky producer Tullibardine have signed an agreement.Together they will apply the process to thousands of tons of the distillery's leftovers. Professor Martin Tangney, founder of Celtic Renewables, said Our partnership with Tullibardine is an important step in the development of a business which combines two important Scottish industries—whisky and renewables.This project shows that creative use of existing technologies can utilize resources on our doorstep to benefit both the environment and the economy. Douglas Ross, managing director of Tullibardine, which spends ￡250,000 disposing of its by－products every year, said “We are delighted to be partnering Celtic Renewables in this creative business, the obvious benefits of which are environmental.It takes a cost to us and turns it into something that has social as well as commercial value.” The project is being supported by a grant(拨款) from the Scottish government's Zero Waste Scotland initiative. Celtic Renewables said it eventually aimed to build a processing plant in Scotland, with the hope of building an industry that could be worth ￡60m a year. 1.According to the passage, ____ will be used to take the place of petrol. A. whisky B. whisky leftovers C. butanol D. draff and pot ales 2.How do people deal with whisky leftovers at present？ A. They throw them away. B. They use them to feed people. C. They use them to feed bacteria. D. They use them for crops or cattle. 3.What does the underlined word “utilize” in the fourth paragraph probably mean？ A. Make use of. B. Get rid of. C. Use up. D. Find out. 4.Which of the following categories does this passage belong to？ a．Health b．Science c．Food d．Nature e．Environment f．Business A. b，c，e B. b，e，f C. a，b，f D. a，b，c
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| 4. 难度：困难 | |
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A series of climate reports showed that temperatures on Earth are rising.That is the bad news.The good news is that countries are working together to fight climate change.Michael Oppenheimer is a professor of geosciences and international affairs.He says air pollution emissions must be reduced before temperatures rise. The recent United Nations talks in Peru were designed to prepare officials for a meeting in Paris, France later this year.Many nations will sign a global climate agreement at that meeting.The agreement reached in Peru is different from earlier agreements.Developing countries like China and India are promising to join richer countries in reducing emissions.U.S.Secretary of State John Kerry said developing nations are having a large effect on the environment.“More than half of global emissions—more than half—are coming from developing nations.So it is imperative that they act, too.” China and the United States acted—they signed an agreement.American officials said the U．S.would reduce emissions between 26 and 28 percent by 2025.China said it would begin reducing emissions in 2030.Michael Oppenheimer says other countries will release their environmental plans early this year.He says negotiators continue to discuss details of the agreement before the conference opens in Paris.But he says he hopes people understand that an agreement is just the beginning of efforts to reduce global warming. Experts say a two－degree rise in temperature above pre－industrial times will cause serious damage that cannot be reversed (逆转)．The pre－industrial period ended in the middle of the 18th century.That was followed by the Industrial Revolution, when machines and new manufacturing processes were created.Professor Oppenheimer says if countries do not take action the planet will become warmer faster than at any time in the history of civilization. 1.What's the main idea of the passage？ A. Temperatures on Earth are rising. B. Nations are working together to deal with climate change. C. A global climate agreement was reached in Peru. D. Developing nations are taking action to reduce global warming. 2.Michael Oppenheimer thinks that ____. A. temperatures rise is caused by new technologies B. action should be taken to avoid air pollution C. China has a large effect on the environment D. developing countries are to blame for air pollution 3.The underlined word “imperative” in the second paragraph probably means“____”． A. important B. amazing C. impossible D. anxious 4.What may be the main reason that the planet becomes warmer faster than before？ A. People in the modern society lack the sense of environment protection. B. Machines and new manufacturing processes will cause more emissions. C. The governments didn't take measures to protect the environment. D. Developing nations have no ability to reduce air pollution emissions.
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| 5. 难度：中等 | |
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Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 1., color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel. Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 2., they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones. 3.. They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable. Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 4.. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space. The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 5.. A. While all of them are useful B. Whatever you’re looking for C. If you’re experimenting with a color D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
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| 6. 难度：困难 | |
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A couple of weeks ago, when we were leaving one of those horrible giant trampoline bouncy(弹跳床)places, my 11－year－old daughter said to me, “I don't think I'm very athletic, you know, like Rocket (her brother). He seems to be really good at ______.” What came out my mouth ______ me: “No, you're kind of not.” Okay, let me ______. As you may have guessed, this child has been with me for about 11 years, so I've had enough time to ______ her engaging in physical acts: jumping, climbing, running, and organized sports. And the kid is just ______ me: two left feet. If anybody was ever NOT a “natural”______， that person is me. But even ______ these facts, my first instinct(本能反应)was to show her with some ______： “Oh, no honey. You're good at sports! You just have to keep ______！” But I decided to tell her the ______， and I could see it hurt a bit. So I said more: “Ava, we all have things we are particularly, ______ good at. Like you and ______. You're in the 5th grade and read Charles Dickens. That isn't ______， but you've done it without even trying. But all of us also have things that we are ______ in. If we wan to get good at those things, we have to put in twice the ______ of the people around us to get to a decent(相当的)point and even harder if we want to ______.” She was nodding. She totally ______ it. Why? Because it's the truth. Sometimes I wonder why we run around talking nonsense(胡扯)to our kids when they can ______ the truth. And they can smell rubbish from a mile away. In other words, they can easily recognize you are ______. In addition, if they don't know where they ______ now, they'll never know how to get somewhere new. 1.A. arts B. reading C. organization D. sports 2.A. surprised B. puzzled C. amused D. worried 3.A. get up B. give up C. come up D. back up 4.A. keep B. leave C. observe D. prevent 5.A. for B. like C. with D. against 6.A. coach B. judge C. captain D. athlete 7.A. knowing B. ignoring C. checking D. minding 8.A. information B. facts C. rubbish D. beliefs 9.A. trying B. waiting C. looking D. smiling 10.A. idea B. truth C. news D. failure 11.A. probably B. naturally C. unexpectedly D. gradually 12.A. listening B. speaking C. reading D. writing 13.A. normal B. important C. special D. useful 14.A. poor B. different C. experienced D. interested 15.A. money B. courage C. effort D. confidence 16.A. get by B. live on C. catch up D. stand out 17.A. got B. forgot C. deserved D. did 18.A. hide B. avoid C. learn D. handle 19.A. joking B. lying C. struggling D. regretting 20.A. fall B. live C. stop D. stand
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| 7. 难度：简单 | |
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阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 With the 1.(develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious.In Beijing, many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because 2. air pollution. Air pollution is caused by the following 3.(reason): about half of the problem is caused by vehicles.There are more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give off 4.(poison) gases.25% of air pollution is caused by factories.Another factor is the smokers.Smoking not only does harm to their health 5. to others.6.(beside) these, about 10% of air pollution is caused by other reasons. We should take some measures to fight 7. pollution.New fuel can be used to take 8. place of gas.We can plant more trees.If everybody realizes the 9.(important) of the environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem will 10.(solve)．
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| 8. 难度：简单 | |
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。 The person who has taught me most about the life is my grandmother.When she died a few years before, I felt I lost a really good friend.She always looked very nice on her age.She did everything she could make me feel at home.She was imaginative but would spend hours telling me stories she has made up.I am sure it was because of her which I became a story writer.Apart from kept a young boy entertained, she taught me a large number of important thing on how to behave.I was rather impatient when I was a child and she taught me that good things happened if I could wait for it.
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| 9. 难度：简单 | |
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写一篇以“Creating a Green Campus”为标题的100词左右的短文，须包含下列要点： 1.建设绿色校园很重要； 2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境，还包括校园师生保护环境的文化素养； 3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该…… 要求：1.适当发挥，可以从我们自己的做法，如不乱扔垃圾、节约等方面着手； 2.用准确的语言把给出的要点表达出来； 3.写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑，不要逐条翻译。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
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