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阅读理解 Threedimensional printers are fast becoming everyday devices in the United States. ThreeD printers are used to make everything from automobile parts to bone replacements for human patients. American research scientists are now working on creating replacements for living tissue. Researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina have been working on creating and manufacturing living tissue since 2003. This process is called biofabrication (生物制造). It requires special printing equipment and a special kind of ink. Traditional printers require ink to produce an image or design on a piece of paper. For their threeD printer, the South Carolina researchers prepare complex nutritious solutions they call bioinks. Bioinks are made of proteins and glucose (葡萄糖), which normally provides energy for most cells of the body. The researchers also add living cells taken from the animal that will receive the new, printed tissue. The bioinks are then added to a device that researchers call the Palmetto bioprinter. Sarah Grace Dennis is one of the researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina. She says new technology, like the Palmetto bioprinter, is a great help to the biofabrication process. The bioinks are placed in three dispensers (分配器), containers, inside the printer. Lasers control both the position of the printing surface and the places where the bioink is released. Michael Yost is a leader of the research team. He says the printing process is fully automated — machineoperated. He says that the Palmetto bioprinter makes it possible to create complex tissue types. The researchers say bioprinting is still experimental. But they hope in a few years they may be able to print tissue to replace damaged human organs. But there are still some problems which need to be solved. Some scientists worry about how to get blood to the replacement tissue. The flow of blood is important to keep the printed tissue alive. Michael Yost hopes that more people will believe in the benefits of biofabrication. “Tissue biofabrication is a reality, and it is a reality now, and if you come here and you get to see it. You will get to see it. You can't touch it, but you will see it and think this is real. And this is really human.” 1.What can we know about the bioinks? A．They are the necessities of bioprinting. B．They only contain proteins and glucose. C．They can be placed in the traditional printers. D．They are available in our local drugstores. 2.Which of the following is one of the concerns with biofabrication? A．Researchers can't find enough living cells of animals to make the bioinks. B．The price of the bioprinter is too high and most people can't afford it. C．Scientists have some difficulty in getting the blood to the replacement tissue. D．People are worried about the safety of the biofabrication process. 3.According to Michael Yost, we can infer that ________. A．the Palmetto bioprinter can work without power B．the Palmetto bioprinter has been used to treat the patients C．the Palmetto bioprinter can only be found in the United States D．the Palmetto bioprinter will have a bright future in medical use 4.The passage mainly tells us about ________. A．the threeD printer and its working principles B．the bioinks and their use in bioprinting C．the spread use of the bioprinter in the USA D．the growing demand for biofabrication
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| 2. 难度：中等 | |
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】七选五填空。 We all face quantities of stresses in day-to-day living, whether at work, in the home, or anywhere in between. 1. Here's how stress can help us on an everyday basis. ◆ Sharpen your memory. Did you ever notice that sometimes when you are stressed, your memory seems to improve? Remember that test you passed where the answers seemed to come out of nowhere? 2. It's because of stress hormones（荷尔蒙）that increase your alertness(机敏) when it's most needed. ◆ 3. Successful employees turn stress into motivation. Have you ever noticed that you get the least amount of work done when you have the fewest deadlines? Too little stress can affect how much you actually get done. When you take risks and choose to get over the difficulty, it improves your mental toughness and self-confidence. ◆ Helping you resist the attack of illness. 4. Believe it or not, the right kind of stress can help your body's defenses against illness. When you get sick, stress causes you to make hormones that battle threats to your health. That burst of stress is helpful to your immune system when your body faces a threat. ◆ Making your life more interesting. Think about some stressful situations that we consciously put ourselves in to make life more interesting and enjoyable, like asking someone out on a first date, conquering a known fear, or learning something new. These may not immediately come to mind when you think of stress because of the positive outcomes. 5. A．Helping you get an advantage at work. B．Helping you get through difficult times. C．This will happen whenever you are stressed. D．That's one way your brain responds to stress. E. You need a healthy immune system to help fight off diseases. F. But they're the types that can help you achieve fulfillment and happiness. G. But handled properly, stress can have many benefits for the body and mind.
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| 3. 难度：中等 | |
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完形填空 Beginning to learn gymnastics even before she could barely walk, Svetlana had always dreamed to enter the Olympics scene some day. However, her ________ ended in the car on the winding road when a lorry appeared out of nowhere. The last thing she ________ was a blinding flash of light. In hospital, when told she would never ________ again, she couldn't believe it. Three months later, she was ________ out of hospital on a wheelchair. Then a friend came to her house to visit her with an old children's storybook. A bookmark in it made her________ to page 117. The name of the _________ was ‘The Day Clara Walked’. She was determined to return to stage whatever it might cost. _________， after a year's hard exercise, Svetlana recovered and was able to display her gymnastics. While she was sitting on the green bench ________ the Athens Olympic Stadium, memories _________： first, the pain and the tears, the book under her pillow, the words of relatives full of advice and comfort, and the pity in those eyes that had once held _________ for her talent. Then followed the trips to the gym where everyone looked on ________， their disbelief transforming slowly to wonder, ________ she could balance the hoop (圈) as well as her teammates. She registered for the 2004 Olympic Games, and finally she received _________ from the Olympic Committee. Her _________ was interrupted by the attendant who said, “It's time”， two words that she had been ________ to hear for so long. Smoothing her dress, she walked into the stadium, each ________ firm and steady. Everything was ________， and the applause rang loud in her ears, her heart beating ________ in her chest. Later that night, Svetlana pulled the gold medal out of her pocket and placed it on the old ________on the shelf, which opened to page 117, to the chapter ‘The Day Clara Walked’， tears ________ her vision. 1.A.intention B．dream C．life D．career 2.A.remembered B．forgot C．experienced D．suffered 3.A.see B．dance C．sing D．walk 4.A.wheeled B．rocked C．thrown D．rushed 5.A.point B．relate C．open D．adapt 6.A.bookmark B．page C．story D．chapter 7.A.Fortunately B．Surprisingly C．Suddenly D．Certainly 8.A.outside B．inside C．beneath D．opposite 9.A.squeezed out B．faded away C．mixed up D．flooded in 10.A.fright B．admiration C．sympathy D．regret 11.A.cheerfully B．thankfully C．nervously D．doubtfully 12.A.until B．while C．as D．once 13.A.approval B．praise C．support D．access 14.A.plan B．thought C．attempt D．sight 15.A.eager B．content C．upset D．proud 16.A.breath B．wave C．step D．look 17.A.unexpected B．perfect C．awful D．finished 18.A.immediately B．swiftly C．properly D．fiercely 19.A.hoop B．letter C．book D．dress 20.A.rolling B．filling C．clouding D．rushing
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