| 1. 难度：中等 | |
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A yellow taxi _______ alongside a truck at the traffic lights when an elderly woman was crossing the road. A．brought up B．took up C．pulled up D．put up
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| 2. 难度：中等 | |
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The opening between walls was very narrow; it’s very hard for soldiers to _______ through. A．squeeze B．press C．stretch D．leap
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| 3. 难度：简单 | |
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Many firms give away small quantities of their productions as _______ so that people can try them before buying. A．signs B．signals C．examples D．samples
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| 4. 难度：中等 | |
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When the post fell _______, Dennis Bass was appointed to fill it. A．empty B．blank C．vacant D．bare
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| 5. 难度：中等 | |
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Look, _______ fashionable clothes is he wearing that all the eyes are fixed on him! A．so B．what C．how D．such
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| 6. 难度：中等 | |
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--- Why on earth didn’t you answer the door? --- I’m terribly sorry, but the telephone _______, too. A．is ringing B．was ringing C．rang D．was about to ring
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| 7. 难度：中等 | |
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---Ann looks hot and dry. ---So _______ you if you had a high fever. A．do B．are C．will D．would
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| 8. 难度：中等 | |
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Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _______, we refused his offer. A．not finishing B．had not been finished C．not having finished D．not finished
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| 9. 难度：中等 | |
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On stepping into the room this morning, I was astonished to find the floor covered with _______ looked like tiny insects. A．that B．what C．where D．when
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| 10. 难度：中等 | |
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---How much do you have in your pocket? ---150 yuan, all of _______ came from my grandma. A．which B．them C．it D．that
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| 11. 难度：中等 | |
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--- Did your father come back early last night? --- Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock _______ he arrived home. A．before B．when C．that D．until
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| 12. 难度：中等 | |
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--- Which hotel did you stay in last week? --- Well, just the one _______I think you once met Ge You and his family. A．that B．which C．where D．as
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| 13. 难度：中等 | |
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_______, I think, and the problem could be settled, A．If you don’t doubt your efforts B．So long as you keep up your spirits C．Making great efforts D．A bit more efforts
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| 14. 难度：中等 | |
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The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have _______ right from wrong. A．distinguished B．distinguishing C．to distinguish D．to be distinguished
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| 15. 难度：中等 | |
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--- The film we saw last week is very romantic. --- _______. I didn’t think it romantic at all. A．With all due respect B．I beg to differ C．As predicted D．I can’t agree with you more
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| 16. 难度：中等 | |
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New genetic analysis has revealed that many Amazon tree species are likely to survive human-made climate warming in the coming century, contrary to previous findings that temperature increases would cause them to die out. A study, 1 in the latest edition of Ecology and Evolution, reveals the 2 age of some Amazonian tree species -- more than 8 million years -- and 3 shows that they have survived previous periods as warm as many of the global warming imagined periods 4 for the year 2100. The authors write that, having survived warm periods in the past, the trees will 5 survive future warming, provided there are no other major environmental changes. 6 extreme droughts and forest fires will impact Amazonia as temperatures 7 , the trees will stand the direct impact of higher temperatures. The authors 8 that as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions to minimize the risk of drought and fire, conservation policy should remain 9 on preventing deforestation（采伐森林）for agriculture and mining. The study disagrees with other recent researches which predicted tree species’ extinctions 10 relatively small increases in global average air temperatures. Study co-author Dr Simon Lewis (UCL Geography) said the 11 were good news for Amazon tree species, but warned that drought and over-exploitation of the forest remained major 12 to the Amazon’s future. Dr Lewis said: “The past cannot be compared directly with the future. while tree species seem likely to 13 higher air temperatures than today, the Amazon forest is being transformed for agriculture and 14 , and what remains is being degraded by logging, and increasingly split up by fields and roads. “Species will not move as freely in today’s Amazon as they did in previous warm periods, when there was no human 15 . Similarly, today’s climate change is extremely fast, making comparisons with slower changes in the past 16 .” “With a clearer 17 of the relative risks to the Amazon forest, we 18 that direct human impacts -- such as forest clearances for agriculture or mining -- should remain a key point of conservation policy. We also need more aggressive 19 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to make minimum the risk of drought and fire impacts and 20 the future of most Amazon tree species.” 1. A．advertised B．described C．published D．presented
2. A．frightening B．surprising C．exciting D．interesting
3. A．still B．nevertheless C．however D．therefore
4. A．assess B．confirm C．forecast D．promise
5. A．particularly B．probably C．merely D．possibly
6. A．Since B．Although C．When D．If
7. A．rise B．change C．drop D．end
8. A．consider B．decide C．guarantee D．recommend
9. A．based B．built C．focused D．made
10. A．in relation to B．in response to C．in reply to D．in reference to
11. A．findings B．thoughts C．inventions D．writings
12. A．threats B．disadvantages C．embarrassments D．instructions
13. A．accept B．tolerate C．permit D．Require
14. A．farming B．planting C．catering D．mining
15. A．power B．influence C．desire D．violence
16. A．difficult B．clear C．easy D．important
17. A．belief B．direction C．understanding D．suggestion
18. A．doubt B．conclude C．calculate D．prefer
19. A．thought B．guidance C．protection D．action
20. A．secure B．advance C．sacrifice D．evaluate
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| 17. 难度：中等 | |
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HARVARD UNIVERSITY
Office of Admissions Financial Aid Our goal in admissions and financial aid is clear: We want to bring the best people to Harvard, regardless of their ability to pay — and we do. About 70 percent of our students receive some form of aid, with over 60 percent receiving need–based scholarships. Two principles guide us: · Admission to Harvard is need-blind, by which we mean that financial need is not a barrier to admission. International students have the same access to financial aid as United States citizens. · Financial aid at Harvard is entirely need–based and we are committed to meeting the demonstrated need of all students. Students apply for aid annually and every year we review our financial aid program, considering such things as any changed student or family circumstances, university resources, and demand. Removing Economic Barriers In the past decade we have increased financial aid for low and middle income families by over 180%. No contribution is expected from parents with incomes under $65,000. Beginning with the class of 2016, those parents with annual incomes between $65,000 and $150,000 are asked to contribute from zero to ten percent of their income. Some families with incomes above $150,000 still qualify for aid. Families at all incomes who have significant assets（资产）will continue to pay more than those in less fortunate circumstances. Students are also asked to contribute to the cost of their education through term-time and summer work. Families with higher incomes facing unusual financial challenges may also qualify for need–based scholarship assistance, yet those with significant assets at all income levels are asked to contribute proportionately（成比例的）more. Our financial aid program includes an array of financing options beyond our need–based scholarship program, such as a parent monthly payment plan, various loan programs and the opportunity to pre–pay tuition for four years at a student’s freshman year rate. There are also other forms of financial assistance such as the Faculty Aide Program, the Harvard College Research Program and the Dean’s Summer Research Program that enable students to create paid partnerships with teachers on academic projects of mutual interest. Over two-thirds of Harvard students choose to work during their time in Cambridge and gain valuable job experience working in a wide array of University settings, including our libraries, dining halls, museums and academic departments. We hope you will visit our websites for a fuller description of our comprehensive program of financial assistance. 1.Admission to Harvard is need-blind in that _______. A．Harvard does take into account students’ economic situations B．Students’ ability to pay does not affect their admissions to Harvard C．Students need to pay big money to Harvard after they are admitted D．The majority of students in Harvard do not need financial aids 2.Based on the requirements above, we can learn that _______. A．parents with annual incomes of over $ 150,000 needn’t contribute B．financial aids are not intended for families with higher incomes C．wealthier families are expected to contribute more to Harvard D．students are not encouraged to pay the cost of their education 3.In what way can students get financial assistance from Harvard? A．Students can be offered paid-work opportunities outside Harvard. B．Students can have opportunities to get loans for their education. C．Students can pay for their education in Harvard within one month. D．Students earn money by assisting teachers in Cambridge University.
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| 18. 难度：中等 | |
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Researchers at Sweden’s KTH Royal Institute of Technology say they have found further proof that the wolf ancestors of today’s dogs can be from southern East Asia -- findings that are contrary to theories placing the birth place in the Middle East. Dr Peter Savolainen, KTH researcher in evolutionary genetics, says a new study released Nov. 23 confirms that an Asian region south of the Yangtze River was the principal and probably the only region where wolves were domesticated（驯化）by humans. Research data show clearly that dogs are descended from wolves, but there’s never been scientific agreement on where in the world the domestication process began. “Our analysis of Y-chromosomal（染色体）DNA now confirms that wolves were first domesticated in Asia south of Yangtze River -- we call it the ASY region -- in southern China or Southeast Asia,” Savolainen says. The Y data supports previous evidence from mitochondrial（线粒体）DNA. “Taken together, the two studies provide very strong evidence that dogs appeared first in the ASY region,” Savolainen says. Archaeological data and a genetic study recently published in Nature suggest that dogs originate from the Middle East. But Savolainen rejects that view. “Because none of these studies included samples from the ASY region, evidence from ASY has been overlooked,” he says. Peter Savolainen and PhD student Mattias Oskarsson worked with Chinese colleagues to analyse DNA from male dogs around the world. Their study was published in the scientific journal Heredity. Approximately half of the gene pool was universally shared everywhere in the world, while only the ASY region had the entire range of genetic diversity. “This shows that gene pools in all other regions of the world most probably originate from the ASY region,” Savolainen says. “Our results confirm that Asia south of the Yangtze River was the most important -- and probably the only -- region for wolf domestication, and that a large number of wolves were domesticated,” says Savolainen. In separate research published recently in Ecology and Evolution, Savolainen, PhD student Arman Ardalan and Iranian and Turkish scientists conducted a comprehensive study of mitochondrial DNA, with a particular focus on the Middle East. Because mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother in most species, it is especially useful in studying evolutionary relationships. “Since other studies have indicated that wolves were domesticated in the Middle East, we wanted to be sure nothing had been missed. We find no signs whatsoever that dogs originated there,” says Savolainen. In their studies, the researchers also found minor genetic contributions from crossbreeding between dogs and wolves in other geographic regions, including the Middle East. “This subsequent dog/wolf hybridisation（混合淡化技术）contributed only modestly to the dog gene pool,” Savolainen explains. 1.What does Dr. Peter Savolainen believe? A. Dogs’ ancestors came from the Middle East. B. Wolves were probably first trained to work for humans in the ASY region. C. Analysis of Y-chromosomal DNA should be combined with mitochondrial DNA. D. Samples of the previous studies are enough to support the conclusion. 2.We can learn from the passage that _______. A．there is a universal agreement on the place of first domestication B．data from ASY may highlight where dogs came from C．Dr. Savolainen’s research mainly focuses on the Middle East D．the dog/wolf hybridization makes up most of the dog gene pool 3.What is special about mitochondrial DNA? A．It is only used in studying evolutionary relationships. B．It alone can provide hard evidence for Savolainen’s research. C．It is the most useful in finding out the birth place of dogs. D．It comes from the mother of most animals and plants.
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| 19. 难度：中等 | |
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A new report said scientists may not be far from giving apes the ability to think and talk like humans. The report is about experiments which transplant human cells into animals for medical purposes. It claimed that concerns about the creation of talking apes should be taken seriously. It should also draw people’s attention to the possibility that the medical research about creating “humanised” animals is going to generate monsters. A regulatory（监管的）body is needed to closely monitor any experiments that many risk creating animals with human-like consciousness or giving them any appearance or behavioural traits that too closely resemble humans, the report said. Scientists would, for example, be prevented from replacing a large number of an ape’s brain cells with human brain cells until more is known about the potential risks. This has already been done in simpler animals like mice, which is judged to be less risky. Under the new UK guidelines, the power to regulate tests on animals containing human material would be transferred to a body with wider responsibility for animal testing in the Home Office. While there is no risk from experiments currently being carried out in Britain, it is possible that ethical (道德的) boundaries could be crossed within the next few years if scientists are not careful, the experts said. Professor Thomas Baldwin, a member of the Academy of Medical Sciences working group that produced the report, said the possibility of humanised apes should be taken seriously. He said, “The fear is that if you start putting very large numbers of human brain cells into the brains of primates（灵长类动物）you might transform the primates into something that has some of the abilities that we regard as distinctly human, such as speech, or other ways of being able to manipulate or relate to us.” Professor Martin Bobrow, chair of the academy working group that produced the report, said, “The very great majority of experiments present no issues beyond the general use of animals in research and these should continue to proceed under the current regulations.” Lord Willis, chair of the Association of Medical Research Charities, said, “AMRC only supports research that is absolutely necessary and where no suitable alternative methods are available.” 1.What is the passage mainly about? A．Ethical rules to limit humanised animals. B．The potential results of humanised apes. C．The possibility of humanised animals. D．The danger of human-like animals. 2.The underlined word “manipulate” in the passage probably means “_______”. A．appeal B．possess C．control D．associate 3.Which of the following statements might Professor Thomas Baldwin agree with? A．It is necessary to do some experiments about humanised animals. B．Experiments about humanised animals should be done within the law. C．It would be dangerous to do experiments about humanised animals. D．It is urgent to ban experiment about humanised animals. 4.It can be inferred that _______. A．people should be careful when creating talking apes B．Thomas Baldwin and Lord Willis are from the same organization C．creating humanised animals is difficult in Britain now D．scientists must be cautious not to cross ethical boundaries
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| 20. 难度：中等 | |
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I got your letter and was glad to find that you had not forgotten Jourdon, and that you wanted me to come back and live with you again in Tennessee, promising to do better for me than anybody else can. Although you shot at me twice before I left you, I did not want to hear of your being hurt. It would do me good to go back to the dear old home again and see Allen, Esther, Green, and Lee. Give my love to them all, and tell them I hope we will meet in the better world, if not in this. I want to know particularly what the good chance is you propose to give me. I am doing tolerably well here in Ohio. I get twenty-five dollars a month, with food and clothing; have a comfortable home for Mandy, the folks call her Mrs. Anderson; and the children—Milly, Jane, and Grundy—go to school and are learning well. The teacher says Grundy has a head for a preacher. We are kindly treated. Now, if you will write and say what wages you will give me, I will be better able to decide whether it would be to my advantage to move back again. We have concluded to test your sincerity by asking you to send us our wages for the time we served you. This will make us forget and forgive old scores and rely on your justice and friendship in the future. I served you faithfully for thirty-two years, and Mandy twenty years. At twenty-five dollars a month for me, and two dollars a week for Mandy, our earnings would amount to eleven thousand six hundred and eighty dollars. Add to this the interest for the time our wages have been kept back, and deduct（扣除）what you paid for our clothing, and three doctor’s visits to me, and pulling a tooth for Mandy. If you fail to pay us for faithful labors in the past, we can have little faith in your promises in the future. In answering this letter, please state if there would be any safety for my Milly and Jane, who are now grown up, and both good-looking girls. I would rather stay here and starve—and die, if it should come to that—than have my girls brought to shame by the violence and wickedness of their young Masters. You will also please state if there has been any schools opened for the colored children in your neighborhood. The great desire of my life now is to give my children an education and have them form virtuous habits. Say howdy to George Carter, and thank him for taking the pistol from you when you were shooting at me. 1.According to the passage, the letter was written by Jourdon to his former _______. A．friend B．master C．neighbor D．relative 2.Which of the following is RIGHT according to the passage? A．The family name of this letter writer is Anderson. B．The writer is paid the same as he was in Tennessee. C．The writer will certainly get at least 11,680 dollars. D．Safety rather than education weighs a lot to the writer. 3.The writer’s description of his present situation implies that _______. A．he shows his intention of going back in Tennessee B．he is somewhat richer and does not need to go back C．his life is relatively good but still needs improvement D．he is not a little satisfied with his present life in Ohio 4.The purpose of the writer’s asking for his pay back is _______. A．to show he needs that amount of money urgently B．to show he is determined to get what he deserved C．to test whether the letter receiver is worthy of trust D．to tell the letter receiver he still has faith in him 5.From the passage, we can see the writer is very _______. A．wise B．stupid C．greedy D．generous
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| 21. 难度：中等 | |
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Born to Win Each human being is born as something unique, something that never existed before. Each person is born with what he needs to win at life. A normal person can see, hear, touch, taste, and think for himself. Each has his own unique potentials---his capabilities and limitations. Each can be an important, thinking, aware, and creatively productive person in his own right---a winner. The words "winner" and "loser" have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who defeats the other person by dominating and making him lose. Instead a winner is one who responds honestly by being trustworthy and responsive, both as an individual and as a member of a society. A loser is one who fails to respond honestly. A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge. He can separate facts from opinion and doesn’t pretend to have all the answers. He listens to others, evaluates what they say, but comes to his own conclusions. A winner is flexible. He does not have to respond in known, rigid ways. He can change his plans when the situation calls for it. A winner has a love for life. He enjoys work, play, food, other people, and the world of nature. Without guilt he enjoys his own accomplishments. Without envy he enjoys the accomplishments of others. A winner cares about the world and its people. He is not separated from the general problems of society. He tries to improve the quality of life. Even in the face of national and international difficulty, he does not see himself as helpless. He does what he can to make the world a better place. Although people are born to win, they are also born totally dependent on their environment. Winners successfully make the change from dependence to independence, losers do not. Somewhere along the line losers begin to avoid becoming independent. This usually begins in childhood. Poor nutrition, cruelty, unhappy relationships, disease, continuing disappointments, and inadequate physical care are among the many experiences that contribute to making people losers. A loser is held back by his low capacity to appropriately express himself through a full range of possible behavior. He may be unaware of other choices for his life if the path he chooses goes nowhere. He is afraid to try new things. He repeats not only his own mistakes and often repeats those of his family and culture. A loser has difficulty giving and receiving love. He does not enter into close, honest, direct relationships with others. Instead, he tries to manipulate them into living up to his expectations and channels his energies into living up to their expectations.
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| 22. 难度：中等 | |
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书面表达（满分 25 分）
社会弱势群体一般具有四个特征：1、无职或低职；2、贫困；３、软弱可欺；4、常被忽视。 请根据所提供文字及图片提示给某英文报写一篇短文，分析弱势群体构成，描述该群体生存现状，简要分析原因，并提出建议号召社会关注这个群体。 注意：1. 仔细品味所提供文字和图片，不要作简单描述。 2. 词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。 3. 作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。 Let’s care for the disadvantaged As is frequently seen in our daily life,......________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
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