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Most Americans get what money they have from their work; that is, they earn an income from wages or salaries. The richest Americans, however, get most of their money from what they own — their stocks, bonds, real estate, and other forms of property, or wealth. Although there are few accurate statistics to go by, wealth in American society appears to be concentrated in very few hands. More than 20 percent of everything that can be privately owned is held by less than one percent of the adult population and more than 75 percent of all wealth is owned by 20 percent of American adults. The plain fact is that most Americans have no wealth at all aside from their homes, automobiles, and a small amount of savings. Income in the United States is not as highly concentrated as wealth. In 1917 the richest 10 percent of American families received 26.1 percent of all income, while the poorest 10 percent received 17 percent, mainly from Social Security and other government payments. The most striking aspect of income distribution is that it has not changed significantly since the end of World War II. Although economic growth has roughly doubled real disposable (可自由使用的) family income (the money left after taxes and adjusted for inflation) over the last generation, the size of the shares given to the rich and the poor is about the same. By any measure economic inequality is great in the United States. The reality behind these statistics is that a large number of Americans are poor. In 1918, 14 percent of the population was living below the federal government’s poverty line, which at that time was an annual income of $ 9 287 for a nonfarm family of two adults and two children. In other words, about one out of seven Americans over 31 million people was officially considered unable to buy the basic necessities of food, clothes, and shelter. The suggested poverty line in 1981 would have been an income of about $11 200 for a family of four. By this relative definition, about 20 percent of the population or more than 45 million Americans are poor. 1.What does the majority of the Americans have in terms of wealth? A. Their income and savings. B. Everything they own in their homes. C. Actually, they have no wealth at all. D. Their house, cars and small amounts of savings. 2.What is the percentage of wealth that is in the hands of most Americans? A. More than 25%. B. Less than 25%. C. More than 75%. D. Less than 20%. 3.Why is economic inequality still great in the US in spite of the economic growth? A. Because the proportion of income received by the rich and the poor remains almost the same as in 1917. B. Because the economic growth has widened the gap of the family income between the rich and the poor. C. Because income in the US is still concentrated in the hands of the richest 10% of American families. D. Because some Americans made great fortunes during the Second World War. 4.What can we learn from comparison of the two poverty lines in the last paragraph? A. The poverty line of 1918 is more favorable to the poor than that of 1981. B. The 1981 line didn’t leave much to the poor. C. There were more Americans who were officially poor by the 1981 line. D. There were more Americans who were officially poor by the 1918 line. 5.From the last two sentences we can see that 1981 government’s poverty line _______. A. was of no good for the poor B. was not put into operation then C. was officially approved D. was not helpful to the poor
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Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion. Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, where as if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary(当代的) societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illnesses than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare” if they have a serious illness. When older people become senile (衰老的) or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent (疗养的) hospitals have been built. These are often profit making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping (倒垃圾的) grounds” for the dying in which “care” is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under skilled personnel. 1.The author believes that the population explosion results from _______. A. an increase in birthrates B. the industrial development C. a decrease in death rates D. human beings’ cultural advances 2.It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures _______. A. it was a moral responsibility for the families to keep alive the aged people who could not work B. the survival of infants was less important than that of their parents in times of starvation C. old people were given the task of imparting the cultural wisdom of the tribe to new generations D. death was celebrated as a time of rejoicing for an individual freed of the hardships of life 3.According to the passage, which of the following statements about the old people in the United States is true? A. Many of them live on social security money which is hardly enough. B. Minority of them remain in a state of near poverty after their retirement. C. When they reach a certain age, compulsory retirement is necessary and beneficial. D. With the growing inflation, they must suffer more from unbearable burdens than ever. 4.The phrase “this need” in paragraph 3 refers to ________. A. prolonging the dying old people’s lives B. reducing the problems caused by the retired people C. making profits through caring for the sick or weak people D. taking care of the sick or weak people 5.Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude toward most of the nursing homes and convalescent hospitals? A. Sympathetic. B. Approving. C. Optimistic. D. Critical.
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TODAY, Friday, November 12 JAZZ with the Mike Thomas Jazz Band at The Derby Arms. Upper Richmond Road West, Sheen. DISCO Satin Sounds Disco. Free at The Lord Napier, Mort lake High St., from 8a. m. to 8p. m. Tel: 682—1158. SATURDAY, November 13 JAZZ Lysis at The Bull’s Head, Barnes. Admission 60p. MUSICAL HALL at The Star and Garter, Lower Richmond Road, Putney, provided by the Aba Daba Music Hall company. Good food and entertainment fair price. Tel: 789—6749. FAMILY night out? Join the sing-along at The Black Horse. Sheen Road, Richmond. JAZZ The John Bennett Big Band at The Bull’s Head, Barnes. Admission 80p. THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion(手风琴). Tel: 789—4536 SUNDAY, November 14 DISCO Satin Sounds Disco, free at The Lord Napier, Mort Lake High Street, from 8 a. m. to 8 p. m. FOLK MUSIC at The Derby Arms. The Short Stuff and residents the Norman Chop Trio. Non-remembers 70p. Tel: 688—4626. HEAVY MUSIC with Tony Simon at The Bull, Upper Richmond Road West, East Sheen. THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion. 1.Where and when can you hear the Norman Chop Trio? A. At the Bull’s Head on Sunday. B. At the Derby Arms on Sunday. C. At the Bull on Saturday. D. At the Black Horse on Saturday. 2.Where and when can you hear the Mike Thomas Jazz Band? A. At the Derby Arms on Friday. B. At the Black Horse on Friday. C. At the Star and Garter on Saturday. D. At the Derby Arms on Sunday. 3.You want to enjoy the electric accordion on Saturday. Which telephone number do you have to ring to find out what time it starts? A. 789—6749. B. 789—4536. C. 682—1158. D. 688—4626. 4.You want to spend the Saturday by joining the entertainment with your family. Where should you go? A. Disco at The Lord Napier. B. The sing-along at The Black Horse. C. The electric accordion at The Derby Arms. D. Jazz at The Bull’s Head. 5.You want to spend the same day at two different places and don’t want to cross any street. Which of the following is your best choice? A. The sing-along at the Black Horse and Jazz at The Bull’s Head. B. The sing-along at The Black Horse and Folk Music at The Derby Arms. C. Folk Music at The Derby Arms and Heavy Music with Tony Simon at The Bull. D. Musical Hal lat The Star ＆Garter and Disco at The Lord Napier.
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阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置上。 In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are necessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear 1.. spoken. Secondly, we must be able to speak it ourselves correctly with confidence and without hesitation. 2.. , we must be able to read the language, and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct. There is no easy way to success 3.. language learning. 4.. good memory is a great help, but it is not enough only 5.. (memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by heart long lists of words and 6.. meanings, studying the dictionary and so on. We must learn by using the language.7.. we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. “Learn through use” is a good piece of 8.. (advise) for those 9.. are studying a new language. Practice is important. We must practise speaking and 10.. (write) the language whenever we can.
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阅读下面短文，掌握其大意．然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 It is commonly believed that school is where people go to get education. 1, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The 2between schooling and education suggested by this is important. Education is 3, compared with schooling. Education knows no edges. It can take place 4, whether in the school or on the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the 5learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of learning out of class. 6the experience of schooling can be known in advance, education quite often produces surprises. A chance talk with a 7may lead to a person to discover how 8he knows of another country. People obtain education from 9on. Education, then, is a very 10and unlimited term. It is lifelong experience that starts long 11the start of school, and one that should be a necessary part of one’s entire life. Schooling, on the other hand, is a 12experience, whose style changes 13from one way to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at the same time, take 14seats, use similar textbooks, do homework, and 15, and so on. Schooling has usually been limited by the edges of the subjects being taught. 1.A. Then B. However C. Thus D. Therefore 2.A. difference B. importance C. use D. problem 3.A. unexpected B. endless C. countless D. simple 4.A. anywhere B. anywhere else C. somewhere D. somewhere else 5.A. part-time B. public C. standard D. strict 6.A. If B. Because C. So D. Though 7.A. neighbour B. friend C. foreigner D. teacher 8.A. wonderful B. well C. greatly D. little 9.A. babies B. grown-ups C. women D. men 10.A. long B. broad C. narrow D. short 11.A. that B. when C. after D. before 12.A. basic B. strict C. final D. irregular 13.A. unusually B. differently C. little D .frequently 14.A. large B. new C. fixed D. small 15.A take exams B. hold exams C. mark papers D. read papers
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阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 The generation gap between students and teachers is becoming more significant with only 3.3 percent out of a survey group of 1,000 students from 30 key middle schools in the city saying they would be willing to tell their teachers of their inner thoughts. In today’s educational environment, teachers are positioned to be the authority figure for learning instead of also becoming good friends in the life of students. As only students with good marks in exams are considered the “ apples in the eyes” of the teachers, most students think their teachers to be partial (偏心). “ I feel sad to hear such remarks”, said Yu Yi , a well-known special-class teacher. She recalled that in the past, teachers and students would play basketball together or comment on the novels while sitting on the grass during a break. But today, study and good marks are the only topics of conversation between students and teachers. “Schools are not only the place where knowledge is imparted (传授) but also where students are taught how to be an upright person,” Yu said. “The success of a person is not merely determined by intelligence but also by emotional state. ” Yang Xiong, director of the Juvenile Research Institute, said the educational system which focuses on examinations should be held to be substantially responsible. [写作内容] 1.以约30个词概括学生不愿告诉老师内心想法的原因; 2.以约120个词就“现代师生关系”这个主题发表你的看法,包括如下要点: ( 1 ) 你是否愿意告诉老师你内心的想法,为什么? ( 2 ) 你希望你与你的老师之间的关系是怎样的,如何才能建立这种关系? [写作要求] 1.可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；2. 标题自定；3. 文中不能出现考生真实姓名和学校名称。 [评分标准] 概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
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[写作内容] 你的英语老师要求你在班上用英文向同学们介绍你英语写作的方法和心得。请根据下表提供的中文提纲，选择相关的信息写一篇发言稿。
[写作要求] 1.只能使用5个句子表达全部内容； 2.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3.开头与结尾已经给出。 [评分标准] 句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。 Ladies and gentlemen, Now I would like to tell you how I learn English writing. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ That’s all. Thank you.
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阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。 Thomson中学学生Mike、Joseph、Anna、Ian和Susan正在计划下学期各自的选修课程。阅读题中的各人情况说明和A和F六门选修课的介绍，选出符合各人个性特长的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。 THOMSON HIGH SCHOOLA.Creative Writing — by Mrs. A. McClellanCreative writing is a course in which we study and apply the methods used in various forms of fiction writing. Writing is a skill of art in itself. We are guided by Ezra Pound’s opinion:“Make it new.”Creative writing does not only provide us with an opportunity to express ourselves, but also holds our attention to word choice, paragraph development, and other skills useful in writing. B. Journalism — by Dr. E. BrandtJournalism is a course for seniors, in which we will cover how to gather, write, and report the news. We will discuss how information is, or can be, organized. This course also aims to develop communication skills required of journalists. C.A classic is a literary work that has stood the test of time. Generations of readers have turned to classics to discover that which is ever-lasting. Through both the works themselves and the people they mirror, we may better be able to see ourselves. In this course, we will read works in both British and American literature（文学）. We will write reviews of what we read. D. Technical Writing — by Mr. J. AllenWhat is technical writing? It is the course devoted to improving your communication skills in, for , and through technology. Activities for this course will help you develop communication skills that are necessary for writers and speakers working with technology or in business. E. Non-fiction — by Dr. M. TimThe course is a study of non-fiction through reading many different types of non-fiction. The course will also be about the possible changes in journalistic reporting and the sharing of personal stories of various people on various topics such as travel and adventure. We will examine some of the best writing in the world and deal with the techniques used in this text type. F. World Literature — by Mrs. A. McClellanWorld Literature examines the common people found in quality Literature worldwide, from Europe to America, from Asia to Africa, and introduces a variety of cultural background at different points in history. In these worlds, we find not only what is unique to each culture, but what is universal. We are also able to tell what makes for a good story, no matter from where or whom the story springs.
1.Mike spent his childhood mostly in his father’ s study, where he read novels by British and American writers. Next term he will become a senior student. He thinks it’ s time that he read more of their works and learned to write about them. 2.Joseph is good at the language arts, and in his spare time he likes to write short stories. It is his wish that his stories would be printed in local newspapers. So he is thinking of taking a course to develop his writing skills, such as wording and paragraph organization. 3.A lively and caring girl, Anna takes an active part in social activities. She is trying to write reports for newspapers about what she sees and hears But few of them are accepted because of poor organization of information. She feels the need to improve her writing and communication skills next term. 4.Ian traveled worldwide with his parents when he was very young. Under their influence, he becomes greatly interested in stories of travel and adventure. He hopes to write his own stories in the future. So next term, he will choose a course to study the best writing of this type. 5.Susan comes from China. As a junior back home, she wrote quite a lot of short stories, some of which were published in newspapers. Her parent’ s suggest she read some classics by Asian and Western writers. She thinks it helpful in her writing. So she is going to take a course of this kind next term.
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Economists are only now realizing the full extent to which the communication revolution has affected the world economy.Information technology allows the extension of trade across geographical and industrial boundaries,and transnational corporations take full advantage of it.Terms of trade and exchange,interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods.The electronic economy made by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global markets — with a destructive impact on the havenots. For them the result is unstable.Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of goods for export are made to feel like small parts in the international economic machine.As “futures” are traded on computer screens,developing countries simply have less and less control of their destinies. So what are the options of regaining control？One alternative for developing countries is to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications.Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints on developing countries’ economies. Communication technology is generally exported from the US,Europe or Japan；the patents,skills and ability remain in the hands of a few industrialized countries.It is also expensive,therefore imported products and services must be bought on credit usually provided by the very countries whose companies stand to gain. 1.From the passage we know that the development of high technology is in the interests of________. A．the rich countries B．scientific development C．the local elites D．the world economy 2.It can be inferred from the passage that________. A．international trade should be expanded B．the interests of the poor countries have not been given enough consideration C．the exports of the poor countries should be increased D．communication technology in developing countries should be modernized 3.Why does the author say that the electronic economy may have a destructive impact on developing countries? A．Because it enables the developed countries to control the international market. B．Because it destroys the economic balance of the poor countries. C．Because it violates the national boundaries of the poor countries. D．Because it inhibits the industrial growth of developing countries. 4.The development of modern communication technology in developing countries may________. A．hinder their industrial production B．cause them to lose control of their trade C．force them to reduce their share of exports D．cost them their economic independence 5.The author’s attitude towards the communication revolution is________. A．positive B．critical C．indifferent D．tolerant
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The China Daily newspaper group is looking for English-language senior business editors,senior copy editors,copy editors and graphic designers to strengthen its international team.We offer a competitive salary package,free accommodation with utilities paid for,90 per cent medical reimbursement,a seven-day paid leave,elevenday public holidays and a return ticket to the country of residence. Senior Business Editor You must： assist the business editor in setting goals and working on achieving them； be an excellent team person who can generate ideas and think creatively and be able to rewrite totally if needed and mentor junior staff； ideally have been working or have worked in a position of responsibility and understand what leadership entails； have had at least five years’ editing experience working on editing the Business Desk and be familiar with industry software. Senior Copy Editor You must： work on shifts in the Business Desk and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print； edit or rewrite copy and give snappy headlines and captions； have had at least two years’ editing experience working on editing desks and be familiar with industry software. Copy Editor You must： be good at editing or rewriting copy and writing snappy headlines and captions； be able to work on shifts for different pages,and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print； have two years of editing experience working on copy desks,and be familiar with industry software. Graphic Designer You must： have excellent skills in information graphics； be good at illustrations and freehand drawings； be experienced in newspaper or magazine layouts； have a good sense of typography； have good news judgment； be wellversed with Macintosh software,including InDesign,Illustrator and Photoshop； be fluent in English. For enquiries or to apply,write to job @ chinadaily.com.cn. 1.What is the purpose of this passage? A．To describe the positions of the China Daily newspaper group. B．To describe the working conditions of the China Daily newspaper group. C．To advertise for recruiting some good employees. D．To tell you how to become part of this group. 2.What is not required about Graphic Designer? A．Be well-versed with Photoshop. B．Have excellent skills in information graphics. C．Having a good sense of typography. D．Writing snappy headlines and captions. 3.How many positions need editing experience? A．2. B．1. C．3. D．4. 4.Which can be the title of the advertisement? A．China Daily：New Employees Wanted B．China Daily：Newspaper C．China Daily：An International Team D．China Daily：The Best Working Condition 5.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Free accommodations are available to the workers. B．The workers there can enjoy a seven-day leave without pay. C．The employees have the right to enjoy elevenday public holidays. D．The senior business editor’s only job is to help the business editor to set goals.
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Cyberspace,data
superhighway,multimedia,for those who have seen the future,and the linking of
computers,televisions and telephones will change our lives for ever.Yet for all
the talks of a forthcoming technological utopia,little attention has been given
to the implications of these developments for the poor.As for all the new high
technology,the West concerns itself with the “how”,while the question of “for
whom” is put aside once again.