Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.
This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest fires to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over the next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling.
This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.
Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone（臭氧） levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling.
“We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.” Scientists tracked the change in the amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicted, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth.
1.．According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may __________.
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A．result in a warming climate |
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B．cause the forest fires to occur more frequently |
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C．lead to a longer fire season |
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D．protect the forests and the environment there |
2.．The following are all the immediate effects after a forest fire EXCEPT __________.
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A．large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphere |
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B．the levels of ozone which is a type of oxygen increase |
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C．snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into space |
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D．ashes from the fire fall on the ice surface and take in more radiation from the sun |
3.．Earlier studies about northern forest fires __________.
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A．analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate |
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B．indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphere |
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C．suggest that people should take measures to protect environment |
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D．suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming |
4.．The underlined phrase “soak up” in the last paragraph most probably means __________.
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A．released |
B．absorbed |
C．created |
D．distributed |
5.．From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may ____.
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A．warm the climate as the supposition goes |
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B．allow more snow to reflect more sunlight into space and thus cool the climate |
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C．destroy large areas of forests and pollute the far-off sea ice |
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D．help to gain more energy rather than release more energy |
Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working harder than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Offices, shops, and factories are discovering the great efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunch rooms. In almost all lines of work emphasis now falls on ever increasing output. Thus the “typical” Frenchman produces more, earns more, and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in creature comfort and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness, or individuality.
Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that “assembly line life” will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive) old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life to joy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local café?
Since the late 1950s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain. Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by the triumph of this competitive, goods-oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence.
In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, conveniences, and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modern, industrial France is preferable to the old.
1.Which of the following is a feature of the old French way of life?
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A．Leisure, elegance, and efficiency |
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B．Elegance, efficiency, and taste |
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C．Leisure, elegance, and taste |
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D．Elegance, efficiency, and leisure |
2.Which of the following is NOT true about Frenchmen?
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A．Many of them prefer the modern life style. |
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B．They actually enjoy working at the assembly line. |
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C．They are more concerned with money than before. |
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D．They are more competitive than the old generation. |
3.The passage suggests that _________.
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A．in pursuing material gains the French are suffering losses elsewhere |
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B．it’s now unlikely to see a Frenchman enjoying a stroll by the river |
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C．the French are fed up with the smell of freshly picked apples |
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D．great changes have occurred in the life style of all Frenchmen |
4.Which of the following is true about the critics?
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A．Critics are greater in number than people enjoying the new way of life. |
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B．Students critics are greater in number than critics in other fields. |
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C．Students critics have, on occasion, resorted to violent means against the trend. |
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D．Critics are concerned solely with the present and not the future. |
5.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
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A．Changes in the French Way of Life |
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B．Criticism of the New Life Style |
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C．The Americanization of France |
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D．Features of the New Way of Life |
1685 was a very good year for German composers. Within the space of a month, two of the greatest were born: Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel.
Handel’s father was a barber and surgeon, which sounds like a strange combination today, but back then those occupations went hand in hand. Even though Handel was very interested in music, his father didn’t think that was a good way to earn a living, so he wanted his son to be a lawyer. The story goes that Handel smuggled a quiet piano into the house so that he could practice in secret.
One day, Handel went along when his father went to shave a duke. While his father was working, Handel sat down and played the duke’s organ. The duke was so impressed that he convinced Handel’s father to let his son study music, and Handel finally got to learn how to compose.
Handel soon discovered that what he liked most was opera. In fact, he was so passionate about opera that he even fought a duel (决斗) over it with one of his friends. Since Italy was the place to learn about opera composing, Handel went off to Italy to study. When he got home, he got a job as court composer for a German prince.
Having landed such a wonderful job, Handel immediately asked his boss for time off. He wanted to go to England, where he’d heard that there weren’t nearly enough composers to satisfy the British taste for Italian opera.
After great success writing opera in London, Handel came back to Germany. Then fate played a funny trick on Handel and his boss. The Queen of England died, and it just so happened that the prince Handel worked for was next in line to the British throne. When he arrived in London as King George, followed Handel, his court composer in Germany.
In addition to serving the King, Handel became one of the most successful opera composers of his time. And he also produced them and traveled all over Europe to hire the best singers. There are stories of battles with rival opera producers and of fights between rival singers. Handel apparently had quite a temper.
If you ever go to London, look for Handel’s grave in Westminster Abbey, where there’s a wonderful monument to him.
1.How did Handel begin to learn to compose?
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A．His father was sure of his future success. |
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B．His performance impressed a duke. |
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C．He begged his father to send him to Italy. |
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D．He practiced hard and taught himself music. |
2.What does the underlined word “smuggled” mean in the passage?
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A．bought secretly |
B．took secretly |
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C．carried in advance |
D．possessed personally |
3. Why did Handel later settle down in Britain instead of Germany?
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A．Because he could find better jobs in London. |
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B．Because he enjoyed greater fame in London. |
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C．Because his boss became King of Britain and brought him along. |
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D．Because London was a wonderful place to learn about opera. |
4.Which of the following words can NOT be used to describe Handel, as shown in the passage?
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A．bad-tempered |
B．talented |
C．enthusiastic |
D．optimistic |
5. Which of the following statements is WRONG according to the passage?
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A．Handel was born in the same year with Bach. |
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B．Many people worked both as a barber and a surgeon. |
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C．Handel quit his job to learn about opera in Italy. |
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D．Handel was buried in London and was built a monument. |
John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people 16 had saved the life of another. John was studying in the room 17 he heard screaming. When he and his father rushed outside, a man ran from 18 scene. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been cut 19 (repeat) with a knife. She was lying in her front garden 20 (bleed) very heavily. Her hands had almost been cut 21 .
It was John’s quick action and knowledge that saved Ms Slade’s life. He immediately asked many people 22 bandages, but when nobody could put 23 hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. John used these to dress the most severe injuries to Ms Slade’s hands. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds 24 the police and the ambulance arrived.
“I’m proud of what I did, but I was just doing what I 25 (teach),” John said.
A young man was getting ready to graduate from college. For many months he had 1 a beautiful sports car in a dealer’s showroom, and 2 his father could well 3 it, he told him that was all he wanted.
On the morning of his graduation day his father called him into his own study and told him how 4 he was to have such a fine son. He handed his son a beautiful gift box. 5 but slightly disappointed, the young man 6 the box and found a lovely book. 7 , he raised his voice at his father and said, “with all your money you give me a book?” And rushed out of the house, 8 the book in the study.
He did not contact his father for a whole year until one day he saw in the street an old man who looked like his father, he 9 he had to go back home and see his father.
When he arrived at his father’s house, he was told that his father had been in hospital for a week. The moment he was about to 10 the hospital, he saw on the desk the still new book, just as he had left it one year ago. He opened it and began to 11 the pages. Suddenly, a car key 12 from an envelope taped behind the book. It had a tag(标签) with the dealer’s name, the 13 dealer who had the sports car he had 14 . On the tag was the date of his graduation and the 15 PAID IN FULL.
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12..
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A．lost |
B．came |
C．appeared |
D．dropped |
13..
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A．old |
B．same |
C．special |
D．new |
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假设你是高三学生李华，你的笔友Tony在最近一次考试中失利，他写信向你求助，请从以下几个方面写一封回信，给他一些建议。内容要点如下：
1． 保持乐观心态，自信应对挑战；
2． 调整学习方法，制定合理的学习计划；
3． ……
注意：
1． 词数100左右;
2． 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3． 信件开头和结尾已为你写好。
Dear Tony,
Sorry to hear that you failed in the last exam． I hope my advice can cheer you up．
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
