Charles Dickens (1812-1870), the great nineteenth century English novelist, was born near Portsmouth. His father ran heavily into debt and when he was twelve, he had to go and work in a factory for making boot polish. The only formal education he received was a two-year schooling at a school for poor children. In fact, he had to teach himself all he knew. He worked for a time as junior clerk in a lawyer's office. After that, he worked as a reporter in the law courts, and later in parliament, for London newspapers. His career as a writer of fiction began in 1833 with short stories and essays in periodicals, and in 1837 his comic novel The Pickwick Papers made him the most popular author at his time in England.
He was a great observer of people and their places because he was attracted by life and conditions in mid-nineteenth century London. He wrote 19 novels all his life and in many of them, Dickens gave a realistic picture of all classes of England society, showing deep sympathy for the poor and unfortunate, exposing the injustice and inhumanity（不人道） of the bourgeoisie（布尔乔亚阶级）.
Many of his novels like Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, Nicholas Nickleby, Great Expectations, A Tale of Two Cities and so on drew attention to the unsatisfactory social conditions that existed in England over a hundred years ago.
Dickens criticized capitalist society from the point of view of bourgeois humanism. He wished to see improvement in the living conditions of the poor, but failed to find any effective means to achieve that end.
1.Dickens only received a little formal education because______.
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A．he wanted to teach himself |
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B．he wanted to work and made a lot of money |
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C．he was too poor to afford any more formal education |
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D．he wanted some working experiences to be a novelist |
2.According to Dickens, the society at his time in England was________.
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A．just |
B．poor |
C．comfortable |
D．unsatisfying |
3.Which of the following novel made Dickens the most popular writer at his time in England?
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A．Oliver Twist |
B．The Pickwick Papers |
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C．A Tale of Two Cities |
D．Great Expectations |
4.According to the passage, which of the following about Dickens is true?
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A．He didn't go to school at all. |
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B．He only wrote about poor people and showed deep sympathy for them. |
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C．He began to write fictions when he was 21 years old. |
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D．He found some effective ways to improve the living conditions of the poor. |
5.It can be inferred from the passage that________.
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A．Dickens had a miserable childhood |
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B．Dickens tried many different jobs before he became a professional writer |
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C．Dickens wrote many novels but only some of them are popular |
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D．Dickens criticized capitalist society and helped to improve the living conditions of the poor |
In the United States, when one became rich, he wants people to know it. And even if he does not become very rich, he wants people to think that he is. That is what ‘keeping up with the Joneses’ is about. It is the story of someone who tried to look as rich as his neighbours.
The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur Momand. He told this story about himself. He began earning $ 125 a week at the age of 23. That was a lot of money in those days. He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighbourhood outside New York City. When he saw that rich people rode horses, Momand went horseback riding every day. When he saw that rich people had servants, Momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbours.
It was like a race, but one could never finish this race because one was always trying to keep up. The race ended for Momand and his wife when they could no longer pay for their new way of life. They moved back to an apartment in New York City.
Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with rich lifestyle of their neighbours. He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series of short stories. He called it ‘Keeping up with the Joneses’ because ‘Jones’ is a very common name in the United States.’ “Keeping up with the Joneses”came to mean keeping up with rich lifestyle of the people around you. Momand’s series appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years.
People never seem to get tired of keeping up with the Joneses. And there are ‘Jonses’ in every city of the world. But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does, Mr. Jones always seems to be ahead.
1.Some people want to keep up with the Joneses because they ______.
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A．want to be as rich as their neighbours |
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B．want others to know or to think that they are rich |
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C．don’t want others to know they are rich |
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D．want to be happy |
2.It can be inferred from the story that rich people like to ________.
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A．live outside New York City |
B．live in New York City |
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C．live in apartments |
D．have many neighbours |
3.The underlined word “neighbourhood” in the second paragraph means ________.
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A．a person who lives near another |
B．people living in an area |
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C．an area near the place referred to |
D．an area in another town or city |
4.Arthur Momand used the name ‘Jones’ in his series of short stories because’ Jones’ is ________.
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A．an important name |
B．a popular name in the United States |
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C．his neighbour’s name |
D．not a good name |
5.According to the writer, keeping up with the Joneses is ________.
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A．correct |
B．interesting |
C．impossible |
D．good |
Born in Italy, Galileo Galilei, was a Tuscan astronomer, philosopher, and physicist. He is closely associated with the 36 (science) revolution. For his great achievements, he has been referred to as the “father of modern astronomy”, as the “father of modern physics”, and as “father of science”. The work of Galileo 37 (consider) to be a significant break from that of Aristotle. In addition, his conflict with the Roman Catholic Church is taken as 38 major early example of the conflict of authority and freedom of thought, particularly with science, 39 Western society. He was a man 40 experimented—never did he take anything for granted. Instead, he despised（蔑视） the prejudices and book learning of the Aristotelians and drew his 41 (conclude) fearlessly. He had been the first 42 (turn) a telescope to the sky, and he had seen there evidence enough to overthrow（推翻） Aristotle and Ptolemy together. Although Galileo found 43 difficult for him to make people 44 (convince) of his theories, he still stuck to his views. His observations showed the theory that the earth moves around the sun was right. It was only many years later 45 the world recognized his greatness.
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One afternoon on April, 1912, a new ship set off from England to America on it first trip. It was one of the largest and best ship at that time. It was cold, but the ship was pleasant and people are enjoying themselves. The next day was even cold. People could see icebergs here or there. It was night, suddenly, the man on watch shouting “look out! Iceberg!" It was too late, a ship hit the iceberg and came to a stop. There that was a very big hole in the ship and water began to come. Slowly the ship started to go down.
Some children are natural-born bosses. They have a strong need to make decisions，manage their environment，and lead rather than follow. Stephen Jackson，a Year One student，“operates under the theory of what's mine is mine and what's yours is mine，” says his mother. “The other day I bought two new Star Wars light sabers (剑). Later，I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones.”
“Examine the extended family，and you'll probably find a bossy grandparent，aunt，uncle or cousin in every generation. It's an inheritable trait，” says Russell Barkley，a professor at the Medical University of South Carolina. Other children who may not be particularly bossy can gradually gain dominance (支配地位) when they sense their parents are weak，hesitant，or in disagreement with each other.
Whether it's inborn nature or developed character at work，too much control in the hands of the young isn't healthy for children or the family. Fear is at the root of a lot of bossy behavior，says family psychologist John Taylor. Children，he says in his book From Defiance to Cooperation，“have secret feelings of weakness” and “a desire to feel safe.” It's the parents' role to provide that protection.
When a “boss child” doesn't learn limits at home，the stage is set for a host of troubles outside the family. The overly willful and unbending child may have trouble obeying teachers or coaches，for example，or trouble keeping friends. It can be pretty lonely as the top dog if no one likes your bossy ways.
“I see more and more parents giving up their power，” says Barkley，who has studied bossy behavior for more than 30 years. “They bend too far because they don't want to be as strict as their own parents were. But they also feel less confident about their parenting skills. Their kids，in turn，feel more anxious.”
1.Bossy children like Stephen Jackson_________.
A. make good decisions B. show self-centeredness
C. lack care from others D. have little sense of fear
2.The underlined phrase “inheritable trait” in Paragraph 2 means ___________.
A. inborn nature B. developed character
C. accepted theory D. particular environment
3.The study on bossy behavior implies that parents_________.
A. should give more power to their children
B. should be strict with their children
C. should not be so anxious about their children
D. should not set limits for their children
4.What is the passage mainly about？
A. How bossy behavior can be controlled.
B. How we can get along with bossy children.
C. What leads to children's bossy behavior.
D. What effect bossy behavior brings about.
