Tom arrived at the bus station quite ear...

Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today. People didn’t have modern machines. There was no modern medicine, either.

Life today has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily. Air    pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. It’s bad to all living things in the world.

Cars, planes and factories all pollute our air every day. Sometimes the polluted air is so thick that it is like a quilt over a city. This kind of quilt is called smog.

Many countries are making rules to flight pollution. Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away, and they mustn’t blow dirty smoke into the air.

We need to do many other things. We can put waste things in the dustbin and do not throw them on the ground, there will be less pollution.

Rules are not enough. Every person must help to fight pollution.

1.Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today because ______.

2.What is the biggest problem in today’s life?

3.The most serious kind of pollution is ______.

4.Factories must clean their water ______.

5.From the passage we know that ______.

Good afternoon, and welcome to England. We hope that your visit here will be a pleasant one. Today, I would draw your attention to a few of our laws.

The first one is drinking. Now, you may not buy wine in this country if you are under 18 years of age, nor may your friends buy it for you.

Secondly, noise. Enjoy yourselves by all means, but please don’t make unnecessary noise, particularly, at night. We ask you to respect other people who may wish to be quiet.

Thirdly, crossing the road. Be careful, the traffic moves on the left side of the road in this country. Use pedestrian crossing and don’t take any chance when crossing the road.

My next point is about rubbish. It isn’t lawful to drop rubbish in the street. When you have something to throw away, please put it in your pocket and take it home, or put it in a dustbin.

Finally, as regards smoking, it is against law to buy cigarettes or tobacco if you are under 16 years of age.

I’d like to finish by saying that if you require any sort of help or assistance, you should contact the police, who will be pleased to help you. You can call, write or directly go to ask any policeman.

1.take any chance means       .

2.Who do you think is most likely to make the speech?

A. A guide                         B.A person who makes the law

B. A teacher                        D. An English officer

3.How many laws are there discussed in the speech?

4.The main purpose of this speech is to      .

5.From the speech we have learnt that     .

All children want to have pocket money. Why do their parents just give them a certain amount?   51 

The amount of money that parents give to their children to spend as they wish differs from family to family.   52   Some children get weekly pocket money. Others get monthly pocket money. 

First of all, children are expected to make a choice between spending and saving. Then parents should make the children understand what is expected to pay for with the money. At first, some young children may spend all of the money soon after they receive it. Parents are usually advised not to offer more money until it is the right time.    53  

In order to encourage their children to do some housework, some parents give pocket money if the children help around the home. Some experts think it not wise to pay the children for doing that.    54    

Pocket money can give children a chance to experience the three things they can do with the money. They can spend it by giving it to a good cause. They can spend it by buying things they want.    55  Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifice. Saving can also open the door to future saving and investing for children. 

A One main purpose is to let kids learn how to manage their own money. 

B They can save it for future use. 

C Timing is another consideration. 

D As helping at home is a normal part of family life. 

E Some children are not good at managing their pocket money. 

F Learning how to get money is very important for every child.  

G By doing so, these children will learn that spending must be done with a budget. 

Sometimes people cheat in daily life. When people cheat, it’s not fair to other people, like the kids who studied for the test or who were the true winners of a game.

Many people like the action of cheating. It makes difficult things seem easy, like getting all the right answers on the test. But it doesn’t solve the problem of not knowing the material and it won’t help on the next test --- unless the person cheats again.

Some people lose respect for cheaters and think less of them. The cheaters themselves may feel bad because they know they are not really earning that good grade. And, if they get caught cheating, they will be in trouble at school, and maybe at home, too.

Some kids cheat because they’re busy or lazy and they want to get good grades without spending the time studying. Other kids might feel like they can’t pass the test without cheating. Even when there seems to be a “good reason” for cheating, cheating isn’t a good idea.

If you were sick or upset about something the night before and couldn’t study, it would be better to talk with the teacher about this. And if you don’t have enough time to study for a test because of swim practice, you need to talk with your parents about how to balance swimming and school.

A kid who thinks cheating is the only way to pass a test needs to talk with the teacher and his or her parents so they can find some solutions(解决办法) together. Talking about these problems and working them out will feel better than cheating.

1.The author thinks that when kids cheat in class, _______.

2.Some students like cheating mainly because_________.

3.The fourth paragraph mainly tells us______.

4.We can learn from the passage______.

Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters asking for admission(录取) to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. She was so determined that she taught school and gave music lessons to get money for the cost of schooling.

In 1849, after graduation from medical school. she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon(外科医师) , but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea.

Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children. Besides being the first woman physician and founding her own hospital , she also set up the first medical school for women.

1.What main obstacle(障碍) almost destroyed Elizabeth’s chances for becoming for a doctor?

2.Why couldn’t Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon?

3.How many years passed between her graduation from medical school and the opening of her hospital?

4.Eilzabeth Blackwell spent most of her lift in _______.