Whether we’re 2 years old or 62, our reasons for lying are mostly the same: to get out of trouble, for personal gain and to make ourselves look better in the eyes of others. But a growing body of research is raising questions about how a child’s lie is different from an adult’s lie, and how the way we deceive changes as we grow.
“Parents and teachers who catch their children lying should not be alarmed. Their children are not going to turn out to be abnormal liars,” says Dr. Lee, a professor at the University of Toronto and director of the Institute of Child Study. He has spent the last 15 years studying how lying changes as kids get older, why some people lie more than others as well as which factors can reduce lying. The fact that children tell lies is a sign that they have reached a new developmental stage. Dr. Lee conducted a series of studies in which they bring children into a lab with hidden cameras. Children and young adults aged 2 to 17 are likely to lie while being told not to look at a toy, which is put behind the child’s back. Whether or not the child takes a secret look is caught on tape.
For young kids, the desire to cheat is big and 90% take a secret look in these experiments. When the test-giver returns to the room, the child is asked if he or she looked secretly. At age 2, about a quarter of children will lie and say they didn’t. By 3, half of kids will lie, and by 4, that figure is 90%, studies show.
Researchers have found that it’s kids with better understanding abilities who lie more. That’s because to lie you also have to keep the truth in mind, which includes many brain processes, such as combining several sources of information and faking that information. The ability to lie — and lie successfully — is thought to be related to development of brain regions that allow so called “executive functioning”, or higher order thinking and reasoning abilities. Kids who perform better on tests that involve executive functioning also lie more.
1.What’s the purpose of children telling lies?
A. To help their friends out.
B. To get rid of trouble.
C. To get attention from others.
D. To create a popular image.
2.The underlined word “deceive” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “ ”.
A. tell lies B. handle troubles
C. raise questions D. do research
3.From the second paragraph we can know that .
A. which factors can reduce lying
B. why some lie more than others
C. it is normal for kids to tell lies
D. how lying changes as kids grow
4.It can be inferred from the passage that .
A. children’s lies are the same as adults’
B. the better kids are, the more they lie
C. the older kids are, the more they lie
D. kids always keep the truth in their mind
5.What is NOT included in the passage?
A. The reasons why kids tell lies.
B. Which kind of kids tells more lies.
C. Experiments about lying of young kids.
D. What to do with lying children.
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填人一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16～25的相应位置上。
If you struggle against figures, maybe you were born that way, research has suggested. Being good at mathematics may be entirely pre-destined—you either have it 16 you don’t.
And those who find 17 difficult to add up the number shouldn’t feel too hopeless—mathematical talent does not appear to be linked to all-round intelligence. Previous research has indicated that "number sense" is 18 (base) to humans. We use it to estimate such things as 19 number of seats in a cinema or crowd sizes.
U.S. psychologists at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore made their finding after testing children too young to have been taught mathematics. During the study, 200 four-year-olds 20 (study) in terms of number senses, calculation skills and vocabulary. The verbal test was done for the reason 21 language and maths abilities are thought to be 22 (close) linked through general intelligence.
"Unlike 23 previous studies proved, this one shows that the link 24 number sense and maths ability is already present before the beginning of formal maths instruction. One of the most important questions is whether we can train a child’s number sense 25
(improve) his future maths ability."
We convince ourselves that life will be better once we are married, have a baby, then another. Then we get frustrated because our children are not old enough, and that __1__ will be well when they are older. Then we are frustrated __2__ they reach adolescence and we must deal with them. Surely we’ll be __3__ when they grow out of the teen years.
We tell ourselves our __4__ will be better when our spouse(配偶)gets his/her act together, when we have a nicer car, when we can take a __5__， when we finally retire. The truth is that there is no better time to be happy than __6__.If not, then when? Your life will always be full of challenges. It is better to admit as much and to decide to be happy __7__it all. For the longest time, it seemed that life was about to start—real life.
But there were always some obstacles along the way, an ordeal(苦难) to __8__， some work to be finished, some time to be given, a bill to be __9__.Then life would start. It finally dawned on me that those __10__ were part of life. Little by little, that point of __11__ also helped me see that there isn’t any road to happiness.
Happiness is the road. So, enjoy every moment. And bear in mind that __12__ waits for no one. So stop __13__ school to end, for a return to school, to lose ten pounds, to __14__ ten pounds, for work to begin, to get married，...before deciding to be happy.
Happiness is a voyage, not a destination. There is no __15__ time to be happy than...NOW! Live and enjoy the moment.
1.A.we B．they C．all D．nothing
2.A.because B．but C．so D．and
3.A.luckier B．happier C．older D．healthier
4.A.life B．study C．children D．condition
5.A.rest B．bath C．breath D．vacation
6.A.before B．ever C．just then D．right now
7.A.instead of B．in addition to C．in spite of D．up to
8.A.meet with B．go ahead C．turn to D．get through
9.A.paid B．got C．asked D．printed
10.A.achievements B．obstacles C．duties D．opinions
11.A.view B．life C．position D．condition
12.A.happiness B．time C．age D．road
13.A.asking for B．supposing C．waiting for D．hoping for
14.A.gain B．reduce C．weigh D．enjoy
15.A.worse B．better C．more D．less
随着全球环境的恶化，越来越多的人选择过“低碳生活（low-carbon life）”，即减少二氧化碳的排放，低能量﹑低消耗﹑低开支的生活。请写一篇英文倡议书，倡议你的同学们加入“低碳一族”,为环保做出贡献。提示要点如下：
1. 用手洗衣服；
2. 多走楼梯，少用电梯；
3. 去超市自备购物袋；
4. 步行或者骑自行车上学；
5. ……
注意：1. 词数：120-150左右。
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
阅读下面短文并回答问题, 然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
[1]Everyone has dreams. Usually they obey the rule that if you can dream it, you can achieve it！If you want to obtain a perfect life in the future, there are always some goals.
[2]The first goal common to all of us is health and energy. We all want to be healthy and fit, to have high levels of energy and to live free of pain and illness. Today, with the incredible advance in medical science, the quality of our health and fitness, and our lifespan is largely determined by design, not by chance. People with excellent health habits are far healthier, have more energy, and live longer and better than people who have poor health habits. Remember that health is not everything, but without health everything is nothing!
[3]The second goal that we all have in common is to enjoy excellent relationships—personal or social—with the people we like and respect, and who in turn. Fully 85% of your happiness will be determined by the quality of your relationships at each stage, and in each area of your life. How well you get along with people, and how much they like and respect you, have more impact on the quality of your life than perhaps any other factor.
[4]The third common goal is to do work that we enjoy, to do it well, and to be well paid for it. You want to be able to get and keep the job you want, to get paid more and promoted faster. You want to earn the very most that is possible for you at each stage of your career, no matter what you are engaged in.
[5]The fourth goal we all have in common is to achieve financial independence. You want to reach the point in life where you have enough money so that you never have any financial worries. You want to be completely free of them. You want to be able to order dinner in a restaurant without referring to the price listings to determine what you want to eat.
1.What does this passage mainly about? (no more than 12 words)
2.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words. (no more than 6 words)
3.Why does the author put health ahead of other goals?(no more than 20 words)
4.What does the underlined word“them”in the last paragraph probably refer
to? (no more than 3 words)
5.Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 into Chinese.
The Friday after the American holiday of Thanksgiving is called Black Friday. It’s said that it’s the day that store ledgers(分类账)move into the black and companies become profitable. On that day, retailers slash(砍) prices to get consumers to buy. It is also a time when many Americans start their Christmas shopping. VOA’s Elizabeth Lee tells us how the economy may affect consumers on that bargain day.
This day should be a shopper’s dream. “It’s just the deals, the sales and everything you can get for a lesser price,” said Sandy Thomas, a shopper. But it’s a nightmare for others. “I think it’s crazy. I’ve done all of my shopping throughout the week so I don’t have to go out on Friday,” she said. It’s called Black Friday, the start of the traditional Christmas shopping season in the United States. Every year it’s the day after the Thanksgiving holiday. Stores open before sunrise and there are deep discounts everywhere you look.
Last year a crowd of bargain-hunters killed a Wal-mart worker in a New York suburb. This year, many stores are increasing security while they slash prices. “This is a huge time for the retail stores,” said Fred Joutz from George Washington University. “This is when they begin making their profits for the year.”
Economics professor Fred Joutz says how Americans spend the weekend after Thanksgiving is a good indication of how consumers feel about the future.
With the unemployment rate above 10 percent, Joutz says Americans are saving more and spending less. Some retailers are attracting consumers by opening on Thanksgiving Day, when shops are traditionally closed. Other stores open their doors anywhere from midnight to four in the morning.
And shoppers will be lining up in front of the doors in order to be one of the first ones to walk through and get a big discount. Electronics like flat screen TVs are usually the first items to go. Sandy Thomas says it’s an annual family tradition and well worth it. “I just save maybe half of what I would have spent on a regular, you know, shopping trip,” she said.
Economists say U.S. consumers will spend money this Black Friday, but they will spend it more carefully.
1.By saying “This day should be a shopper’s dream”, the writer means ________ .
|
A．shoppers have longed for this day for a long time |
|
B．the shops will be very crowded on that day |
|
C．the shops will keep open until the daybreak of next day |
|
D．shoppers can buy many items at low prices on that day |
2.Why are many stores increasing security according to the passage?
|
A．Because there are too many people saving more and spending less. |
|
B．Because it’s a time when they begin making their profits for the year. |
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C．Because last year a crowd of bargain-hunters caused an accident. |
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D．Because many stores open their doors from midnight to four a.m. |
3.From the passage we know that_________.
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A．Christmas shopping is traditional time and this year it is no exception. |
|
B．Electronics like flat screen TVs are usually least discounted. |
|
C．The economy only affects consumers on that bargain day. |
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D．Thanksgiving is a good indication of how consumers feel about the future. |
4.We can find this passage in_________.
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A．a science fiction |
|
B．a travel brochure |
|
C．an economic research report |
|
D．a book on psychology |
5.Why American people call it a black day?
|
A．Because they organize activities in honor of some great person. |
|
B．Because there are too many people going out shopping for Christmas. |
|
C．Too many people are celebrating Thanks giving. |
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D．The sky is black that day. |
